Beyond IDH-Mutation: Emerging Molecular Diagnostic and Prognostic Features in Adult Diffuse Gliomas

Abstract

<jats:p>Diffuse gliomas are among the most common adult central nervous system tumors with an annual incidence of more than 16,000 cases in the United States. Until very recently, the diagnosis of these tumors was based solely on morphologic features, however, with the publication of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System, revised 4th edition in 2016, certain molecular features are now included in the official diagnostic and grading system. One of the most significant of these changes has been the division of adult astrocytomas into IDH-wildtype and IDH-mutant categories in addition to histologic grade as part of the main-line diagnosis, although a great deal of heterogeneity in the clinical outcome still remains to be explained within these categories. Since then, numerous groups have been working to identify additional biomarkers and prognostic factors in diffuse gliomas to help further stratify these tumors in hopes of producing a more complete grading system, as well as understanding the underlying biology that results in differing outcomes. The field of neuro-oncology is currently in the midst of a “molecular revolution” in which increasing emphasis is being placed on genetic and epigenetic features driving current diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive considerations. In this review, we focus on recent advances in adult diffuse glioma biomarkers and prognostic factors and summarize the state of the field.</jats:p>

The Influence of Gene Aberrations on Survival in Resected IDH Wildtype Glioblastoma Patients: A Single-Institution Study

“…Additionally, GBM is often characterized by co-gain of chromosomes 1/19 and 19/20, both of which have been linked to superior outcomes [ 37 , 38 ]. However, this effect was not observed in our cohort, possibly because of the opposing effects of other genetic aberrations with negative effects on prognosis, such as EGFR1 amplification [ 39 ].…”

An Integrative Analysis of the Age-Associated Genomic, Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Landscape across Cancers

“…IDH -WT low-grade gliomas, on the other hand, more resemble glioblastomas and have poorer survival. In glioblastoma, although IDH -mutants are a minority of tumours, they are also associated with younger age 44 . The present study together with others 34,45 , therefore indicates that glioma shows unique age-associated subtypes.…”

NPC2 as a Prognostic Biomarker for Glioblastoma Based on Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis and Cytological Experiments

“…Currently, age, metastasis, and tumor resection have been identified as prognostic factors for GBM ( Lakomy et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Shen et al, 2020 ). What’s more, genetic researches have also promoted the disclosure of a few sporadic biomarkers for GBM ( Mirchia and Richardson, 2020 ; Zhao et al, 2020 ).…”