Beyond
            <i>Kon-Tiki</i>
            : Did Polynesians Sail to South America?

Lawler, Andrew

doi:10.1126/science.328.5984.1344

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Significantly, genetic evidence for kumara lineage sweet potato in eastern Polynesia supports other evidence for pre-European contacts between Polynesia and western South America (15). Parsimony suggests Polynesian, rather than South American, voyagers as the prime movers, given that Polynesians colonized remote archipelagos and islands throughout the vast Pacific Ocean.…”

Section: Broader Implicationssupporting

confidence: 56%

Ancient and historic dispersals of sweet potato in Oceania

Denham

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Section: Broader Implicationssupporting

confidence: 56%

Ancient and historic dispersals of sweet potato in Oceania

Denham

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…However, Tiwanaku and Easter Island cultures similarities are more significant than genetic coincidences, also more cultural traits are common (Green, 2000;Lawler, 2010;Storey et al, 2007;Storey et al, 2008;Wallin et al, 2005). Ancient gene flow between both Aymara people and Easter Islanders may have been diluted with time and in this particular case may be as useful as cultural shared traits, at present.…”

Section: Aymaras and Easter Islandersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent genetic studies have identified Polynesian mtDNA haplogroups in remains (skulls) of Botocudo Amerindians from Brazil (Amerindian group extinct by the end of 19th century) (Goncalves et al, 2013). Other signs may indicate a communication between these groups of populations, like the presence of South American sweet potato in earlier Pacific sites (Lawler, 2010) or the finding of chicken remains of Polynesian type in El Arenal (Chile) dated by radiocarbon back to 1300-1400 AD (Storey et al, 2007;Storey et al, 2008). Furthermore, skeletal remains of pre-Columbian individuals with Polynesian ancestry and several Mapuche artefacts which are similar to Polynesian ones at Mocha island (Chile) have been recently reported (Lawler, 2010;Matisoo-Smith & Ramirez, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacific Islanders and Amerindian relatedness according to HLA autosomal genes

Arnaiz‐Villena

Areces²,

Enríquez-de-Salamanca³

et al. 2015

Int.J.Mod.Anthrop

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Americas peopling has recently been explained based only on genetic data. While different First America inhabitants' ethnic groups, Amerindians, Na-Dene speakers, Aleuts and Eskimo there exist, there is no either genetic, cultural or anthropological homogeneity within these groups. In the present work, we have particularly addressed the relatedness of First America Inhabitants with Pacific Islanders by using autosomal genetic markers: the HLA alleles. HLA is the most polymorphic human genetic system accounting for 9,438 alleles; this is most useful for comparing populations relatedness. Ethnic groups of Pacific Islanders and First America Inhabitants have been used. A genealogic study and also a frequency comparison study by using HLA alleles and haplotypes have been carried out. Our conclusions are: 1-Aleuts seem to be a genetic and linguistic separate group which may be related to northern European Lapps, both of them originated in southern Siberia Baikal Lake area. This work partial results were given at a lecture by Antonio Arnaiz-Villena at The Royal Society (London)-June 9th 2011 "Origin of Amerindians and their genetic relatedness with Asian and Pacific islanders " (https://royalsociety.org/events/2011/plagues-pathogens-selection/) -Sesion 3.

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“…Thus, there is strong evidence that Polynesians had been in South America early, i.e. in pre-Columbian time (see also Lawler [33]). After having arrived in South America, some of them may have returned to Polynesia, including Easter Island, not only taking the sweet potato and bottle gourd, etc., but also some native Americans with them.…”

Section: How Did the Early Amerindians Reach Easter Island?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Polynesian gene pool: an early contribution by Amerindians to Easter Island

Thorsby

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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It is now generally accepted that Polynesia was first settled by peoples from southeast Asia. An alternative that eastern parts of Polynesia were first inhabited by Amerindians has found little support. There are, however, many indications of a ‘prehistoric’ (i.e. before Polynesia was discovered by Europeans) contact between Polynesia and the Americas, but genetic evidence of a prehistoric Amerindian contribution to the Polynesian gene pool has been lacking. We recently carried out genomic HLA (human leucocyte antigen) typing as well as typing for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y chromosome markers of blood samples collected in 1971 and 2008 from reputedly non-admixed Easter Islanders. All individuals carried HLA alleles and mtDNA types previously found in Polynesia, and most of the males carried Y chromosome markers of Polynesian origin (a few had European Y chromosome markers), further supporting an initial Polynesian population on Easter Island. The HLA investigations revealed, however, that some individuals also carried HLA alleles which have previously almost only been found in Amerindians. We could trace the introduction of these Amerindian alleles to before the Peruvian slave trades, i.e. before the 1860s, and provide suggestive evidence that they were introduced already in prehistoric time. Our results demonstrate an early Amerindian contribution to the Polynesian gene pool on Easter Island, and illustrate the usefulness of typing for immunogenetic markers such as HLA to complement mtDNA and Y chromosome analyses in anthropological investigations.

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Beyond Kon-Tiki : Did Polynesians Sail to South America?

Abstract: After decades of taboo and controversy, Pacific Rim archaeologists are finding new evidence that Polynesians reached South America before Europeans did, voyaging across the world's largest ocean around 1200 C.E.

Cited by 22 publications

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Ancient and historic dispersals of sweet potato in Oceania

Ancient and historic dispersals of sweet potato in Oceania

Pacific Islanders and Amerindian relatedness according to HLA autosomal genes

The Polynesian gene pool: an early contribution by Amerindians to Easter Island

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