Beyond fragmentation and disconnect: Networks for knowledge exchange in the English land management advisory system

Achieving best-fit configurations through advisory subsystems in AKIS: case studies of advisory service provisioning for diverse types of farmers in Norway

“…Besides advisors, farmers use different sources of information and support, such as media and peers, which often rank above advisors as most used sources (Gielen, Hoeve, and Nieuwenhuis 2003;Solano et al 2003;Oreszczyn, Lane, and Carr 2010;Lubell, Niles, and Hoffman 2014). As several authors argue, farmers are often surrounded by networks of different complementary advisors (Klerkx and Proctor 2013;Phillipson et al 2016), who also sometimes jointly offer integrated advice on complex issues that have several dimensions (e.g. technical, economic).…”

“…The results confirm the existence of several farmer-advisor relationships, depending on the farmer's position, information-seeking style, and capability, resembling Ingram's (2008) earlier findings. Sometimes, a good demand-supply match occurs, but, if this does not happen, arrangements are put in place to mitigate such systemic weaknesses, that is, installation of advisory system coordination and capacity building, as described by Klerkx and Proctor (2013). Beyond confirming that findings from earlier work on farmer-advisor interactions in pluralistic systems are also found in the Norwegian case, there is an important emergent finding of specific configurations of farmers and advisors in the Norwegian advisory system (following earlier ideas of Phillipson et al 2016) in response to farmers' dynamic demands (Kilelu, Klerkx, and Leeuwis 2014).…”

“…Although this has been reported as leading to greater client satisfaction, concerns have also been raised regarding farmers' access to farm advice and the breadth and depth of topics addressed by agricultural advisory systems (Klerkx and Proctor 2013;. As the commercialization of agricultural advisory services raises challenges relating to uneven distribution of farm advice , it has been found essential to complement commercial advisory services with public advisory services that reach different types of farmers, for example, small farmers or farmers who do not engage in active information-seeking behavior Prager et al 2016).…”

The Role of Small Farmer Cooperatives in the Management of Voluntary Coffee Certifications in Costa Rica

“…Intermediary organizations that link various actors are recognized as key supporters of innovation (Klerkx & Gildemacher, 2012). Howells (2006) defines an intermediary as 'an organization of body that acts as an agent or broker in any aspect of the innovation process between two or more parties.…”

“…Members interact with other members at cooperative training events, lectures and field days and strengthen bonding social capital. They also interact more regularly with cooperative administration, building trust which facilitates employing new agricultural practices (Klerkx & Proctor, 2013).…”