Beyond fluorine: sustainable ternary polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries

Hoffknecht, Jan‐Philipp; Atik, Jaschar; Krause, Christian; Thienenkamp, Johannes Helmut; Brunklaus, Gunther; Winter, Martin; Paillard, Elie

doi:10.1039/d1gc02451e

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…To put the results in a larger context, the capacity retention of the NMC622‖Li and LFP‖Li cells is compared to other recent electrolyte systems from the literature, see Figure 11 and SI Table 2 [16,38,40,62,71,75–98] . Due to the variety of materials used, electrolytes are categorized as CPIEs, TSPEs, HSEs, and SPEs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Converting a Commercial Separator into a Thin‐film Multi‐Layer Hybrid Solid Electrolyte for Li Metal Batteries

Herbers,

Fettkether,

Stuckenberg

et al. 2024

Batteries & Supercaps

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To address the manifold challenges solid electrolytes (SE) do face in NMC ‖ Lithium metal batteries, we demonstrate that these can be overcome by converting a commercial Celgard 2500 separator into a jack of all trades hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE). This approach follows a multi‐layer electrolyte strategy, to better cope with the very different chemistries of the cathode, the bulk electrolyte material, and the Li metal anode. A cathode‐facing electrolyte layer based on lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP) provides a high voltage stability of ≥4.5 V. High mechanical strength of the overall thin film electrolyte (≤50 µm) is achieved with a middle layer based on Celgard 2500. The layer on the anode side, based on polyethylene oxide (PEO), allows stable cycling of the lithium metal. High Coulombic efficiencies in NMC622 ‖ Li metal cells (99.9%) and LFP ‖ Li metal cells (99.9%) enable long term cycling with high‐capacity retention of 52% and 46% after 1,000 cycles, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Converting a Commercial Separator into a Thin‐film Multi‐Layer Hybrid Solid Electrolyte for Li Metal Batteries

Herbers,

Fettkether,

Stuckenberg

et al. 2024

Batteries & Supercaps

Self Cite

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“…[ 53 ] Novel alternatives such as the non‐fluorinated 4,5‐dicyano‐1,2,3‐triazolate are available nowadays. [ 54 ] The solvent is another potential source of environmental burden as certain polymers are poorly soluble in common solvents. For instance, PAN processing is carried out using the high‐boiling‐point dipolar aprotic N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent together with formic acid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impact Assessment of Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

Larrabide

Rey

Lizundia

2022

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Solid‐state batteries play a pivotal role in the next‐generation batteries as they satisfy the stringent safety requirements for stationary or electric vehicle applications. Notable efforts are devoted to the competitive design of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) acting as both the electrolyte and the separator. Although particular efforts to attain acceptable ionic conductivities and wide electrochemical stability widows are carried out, the environmental sustainability is largely neglected. To address this gap, here the cradle‐to‐gate environmental impacts of the most representative SPEs using life cycle assessment (LCA) are quantified. Raw material extraction and electrolyte fabrication are considered. Global warming potential values of 0.37–10.64 kg CO2 equiv. gelectrolyte −1 are achieved, where PEO/LiTFSI presents the lower environmental burdens. A minor role of the polymer fraction on the total impacts is observed, with a maximum CO2 footprint share of 0.61%. Following ecodesign approaches, a sensitivity analysis is performed to simulate industrial‐scale fabrication processes and explore environmentally friendlier scenarios. The electrochemical performance of SPEs is further analyzed into Li/LiFePO4 solid lithium metal battery cell configuration. Overall, these results are aimed to guide the ecologically sustainable design of SPEs and facilitate the implementation of next‐generation sustainable batteries.

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“…However, fluorinated salts (LiTFSI) are corrosive and should be avoided. Instead, eco-friendly 4,5-dicyano-1,2,3-triazolate (DCTA) and PVDF-based polymer electrolytes are used [52,53]. Metal usage relies on available metal reserves, but hereafter, it may be possible to synthesize alternate green materials like polymers and carbon from organic components in a natural way from renewable resources [46,47,52].…”

Section: Fuel Cell Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Sustainable Fuel Cells and Batteries with an AI Perspective

et al. 2022

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With growing environmental and ecological concerns, innovative energy storage systems are urgently required to develop smart grids and electric vehicles (EVs). Since their invention in the 1970s, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have risen as a revolutionary innovation due to their superior benefits of high operating potential and energy density. Similarly, fuel cells, especially Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) and Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), have been developed as an energy storage system for EVs due to their compactness and high-temperature stability, respectively. Various attempts have been made to explore novel materials to enhance existing energy storage technologies. Materials design and development are significantly based on trial-and-error techniques and require substantial human effort and time. Additionally, researchers work on individual materials for specific applications. As a viewpoint, we present the available sustainable routes for electrochemical energy storage, highlighting the use of (i) green materials and processes, (ii) renewables, (iii) the circular economy approach, (iv) regulatory policies, and (v) the data driven approach to find the best materials from several databases with minimal human involvement and time. Finally, we provide an example of a high throughput and machine learning assisted approach for optimizing the properties of several sustainable carbon materials and applying them to energy storage devices. This study can prompt researchers to think, advance, and develop opportunities for future sustainable materials selection, optimization, and application in various electrochemical energy devices utilizing ML.

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Beyond fluorine: sustainable ternary polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries

Abstract: In state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery, sustainability and safety often have been ‘sacrificed’ in favor of the ‘performance’ and ‘cost’. Regarding the electrolyte, volatile and flammable solvents and highly toxic fluorinated lithium...

Cited by 8 publications

References 66 publications

Converting a Commercial Separator into a Thin‐film Multi‐Layer Hybrid Solid Electrolyte for Li Metal Batteries

Converting a Commercial Separator into a Thin‐film Multi‐Layer Hybrid Solid Electrolyte for Li Metal Batteries

Environmental Impact Assessment of Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

Towards Sustainable Fuel Cells and Batteries with an AI Perspective

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