Beyond Equal Rights: Equality of Opportunity in Political Participation

Hufe, Paul; Peichl, Andreas

doi:10.1111/roiw.12442

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…But what about genetic differences? Although differences in ‘talents’ and ‘genetic’ or ‘innate ability’, are widely acknowledged in the literature of Equality of Opportunity (EOp) (e.g., Rawls, 2009; Dworkin, 1981; Roemer and Trannoy, 2015; Lefranc et al, 2009; Hufe and Peichl, 2020; Hufe et al, 2017), an agreement regarding its classification is far from being reached. Many scholars suggest that genetic-based differences are fair sources of advantage (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic advantage and equality of opportunity in education: Two definitions and an empirical application

Pereira

2021

Preprint

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The literature of Equality of Opportunity (EOp) has long acknowledged the existence of 'talents', 'innate ability' or 'genetic ability'. Nonetheless, attempts to explicitly incorporate a measure of innate ability in the quantification of EOp have been rare. On the other hand, the literature of social-science genetics has found credible genetic-based components of EOp, without an explicit quantification of overall EOp. In addition, there exists prevalent disagreement within both kinds of literature on whether innate ability should be perceived as a fair or unfair source of advantage. This paper proposes to quantify EOp while explicitly including a genetic-based measure of innate ability. It proposes two formal definitions of EOp that draw on both stances regarding the compensation of innate ability. Novel testable implications are derived. The educational attainment polygenic index is used as a measure of innate ability while correcting for genetic nurture and accounting for the correlation between genes and other circumstances. An empirical application in the US Health and Retirement Study finds that the share of inequality of opportunity is 26% under the view that genetic differences are unfair sources of advantage and 21% otherwise. A comparative analysis over cohorts reveals that the trend in EOp depends on the definition adopted; if genetic advantage is a fair source of inequality then EOp has improved; the opposite holds if one considers genetic advantage an unfair source of inequality. These results highlight the importance of accounting for genetic differences in the EOp framework.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic advantage and equality of opportunity in education: Two definitions and an empirical application

Pereira

2021

Preprint

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“…For recent evidence on the relation of skills/personality and political/social participation seeHolbein (2017) andHufe and Peichl (2016).26 Similarly, using breastfeeding duration as a measure of favorable conditions within a child's family,Falk and Kosse (2016) find that children who are breastfed for a shorter period of time are more prone to take risks during preschool age.…”

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confidence: 99%

Socio-Economic Status and Inequalities in Children's IQ and Economic Preferences

et al. 2017

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Socioeconomic Status and Inequalities in Children’s IQ and Economic Preferences

Falk

Kosse

Pinger

et al. 2021

Journal of Political Economy

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This paper explores inequalities in IQ and economic preferences between children from high and low socio-economic status (SES) families. We document that children from high SES families are more intelligent, patient and altruistic, as well as less likely to be risk-seeking. To understand the underlying causes and mechanisms, we propose a framework of how parental investments as well as maternal IQ and economic preferences influence a child's IQ and preferences. Within this framework, we allow SES to influence both the level of parental time and parenting style investments, as well as the productivity of the investment process. Our results indicate that disparities in the level of parental investments hold substantial importance for SES gaps in economic preferences and, to a lesser extent, IQ. The systematic variations in IQ and preferences by SES might offer an explanation for socio-economic disparities in economic decision-making and social immobility.

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Beyond Equal Rights: Equality of Opportunity in Political Participation

Cited by 5 publications

References 78 publications

Genetic advantage and equality of opportunity in education: Two definitions and an empirical application

Genetic advantage and equality of opportunity in education: Two definitions and an empirical application

Socio-Economic Status and Inequalities in Children's IQ and Economic Preferences

Socioeconomic Status and Inequalities in Children’s IQ and Economic Preferences

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