Beyond culture and the family: Evidence from twin studies on the genetic and environmental contribution to values

Twito, Louise; Knafo‐Noam, Ariel

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.029

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Considered in this light, the structure of Schwartz's (1992) The discovery that Maslow's 'higher' needs appear to operate independently of 'lower' needs (e.g., Wahba & Bridwell, 1976), and so their activation is not dependent on the satisfaction of lower needs, is consistent with what might be expected given the heritability of values (Twito & Knafo-Noam, 2020) and the shuffling of genes that takes place in meiosis. So, while one can infer a rational, developmental progression from the effective strategies one might associate with the lowest values (tradition and conformity -'follow others') to those associated with the highest (self-direction, universalism, and benevolence -'think and act independently, develop a deep and wide understanding, and share openly and honestly'), individuals may be subject to genetic predispositions for pursuing mixed and potentially inconsistent strategies.…”

Section: An Evolutionary Perspective In Personal Valuessupporting

confidence: 55%

“…As such, it is apparent personal values serve as a form of psychological currency in which the relative benefits of disparate concepts may be evaluated and compared on a like for like basis (Brosch & Sander, 2013): translating environmental inputs into emotional outputs recognised as feelings that influence choice. This suggests they are components of system 1 (Stanovich & West, 2000) thinking, based on intuition and instinct, as well as being heritable (Twito & Knafo-Noam, 2020) components of personality (Griffiths, Thomas, Dyer, Rea, & Bardi, 2021;Parks-Leduc, Feldman, & Bardi, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personal Values & Decision-Making Biases

Griffiths¹

2021

Preprint

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Decision-making is understood to be influenced by genetic and environmental factors related to need, as are personal values. Personal values are a component of personality known to influence decision-making in agreement with the circular structure of the Schwartz (1992) system. We set out to explore whether personal values also exert complementary linear patterns of influence on heuristics and performance in fluid intelligence and creativity tests. Such patterns are predicted by an evolutionary theory that proposes the influence of values described by Schwartz (1992) evolve sequentially and incrementally in living systems, internalising the schema of a pre-existing system of universal equivalents. Testing N=1317 individuals with challenges derived from Kahneman and Tversky and others, we found values exerted both circular and linear influences on intuitive and rational decision-making. These were apparent in overall value/response correlation patterns, and in the performance of individuals allocated to linear, values-based, quasi-Maslowian (1943) motivational types. Performance in fluid intelligence and creativity tests most strongly betrayed linear, developmental patterns of influence. In relation to a Bayesian inference challenge, tentative support was also forthcoming for the hypothesis that those most likely to be subject to values-related conflicts would be most likely to avoid giving erroneous intuitive responses by engaging rational system 2 thinking (Stanovich & West, 2000). This suggests values may also play a role in mediating between rational and irrational systems of thinking. These findings extend our understanding of the role values play in individual decision-making, and by extension, their importance in organizational and societal decision-making.

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Section: An Evolutionary Perspective In Personal Valuessupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Values & Decision-Making Biases

Griffiths¹

2021

Preprint

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“…A neurocognitive model of ideologically motivated thoughts and actions therefore has the power to illustrate that ideological positions have neurobiological foundations and synthesize the array of recent neuroscientific and cognitive research under testable theories and hypotheses (Alford et al, 2005;Batrićević & Littvay, 2017;Fowler et al, 2008;Hatemi & McDermott, 2012a, 2012bKsiazkiewicz & Krueger, 2017;Leong et al, 2020;Nam et al, 2017;Zmigrod & Tsakiris, 2021). The model is sensitive to causal relationships, aware of bidirectional links between environments and mental processes, and able to give a language of mediating (Ksiazkiewicz et al, 2016;Oskarsson et al, 2015) and moderating mechanisms to the complex research on the genetics of ideological orientations (e.g., Dawes & Weinschenk, 2020;Hatemi et al, 2014;Twito & Knafo-Noam, 2020). In what ways do genes that shape cognition and perception have downstream effects to ideological behavior?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neurocognitive model of ideological thinking

Zmigrod

2021

Polit. life sci.

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Ideological behavior has traditionally been viewed as a product of social forces. Nonetheless, an emerging science suggests that ideological worldviews can also be understood in terms of neural and cognitive principles. The article proposes a neurocognitive model of ideological thinking, arguing that ideological worldviews may be manifestations of individuals’ perceptual and cognitive systems. This model makes two claims. First, there are neurocognitive antecedents to ideological thinking: the brain’s low-level neurocognitive dispositions influence its receptivity to ideological doctrines. Second, there are neurocognitive consequences to ideological engagement: strong exposure and adherence to ideological doctrines can shape perceptual and cognitive systems. This article details the neurocognitive model of ideological thinking and synthesizes the empirical evidence in support of its claims. The model postulates that there are bidirectional processes between the brain and the ideological environment, and so it can address the roles of situational and motivational factors in ideologically motivated action. This endeavor highlights that an interdisciplinary neurocognitive approach to ideologies can facilitate biologically informed accounts of the ideological brain and thus reveal who is most susceptible to extreme and authoritarian ideologies. By investigating the relationships between low-level perceptual processes and high-level ideological attitudes, we can develop a better grasp of our collective history as well as the mechanisms that may structure our political futures.

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“…Despite the theoretical and practical implications such knowledge can provide, this review might lead to a deterministic interpretation; that is, all individuals who present these characteristics are destined to protect/exploit the natural environment. Such a deterministic view finds support in the available evidence and on twin studies showing that some of these characteristics are genetically grounded-personality traits (Vukasović & Bratko, 2015), values (Twito & Knafo-Noam, 2020), and conservative political beliefs and social dominance orientation (Kleppestø et al, 2019)-as well as in research indicating individual differences might be stronger than environmental prompts (Moussaoui, Desrichard, & Milfont, 2020).…”

Section: Personological Roots Of Environmental Protection/exploitationmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Differential Psychology of Environmental Protection/Exploitation

Tl¹

2021

Preprint

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Differential psychology focuses on how people vary in the way they think, feel and act by measuring differences that distinguish individuals as more similar to themselves over time and across situations than others. In this article I review and discuss available evidence on key individual differences associated with protection and exploitation of the natural environment. The discussion centers on personality traits, basic human values, time perspective and system-justifying ideological orientations. Greater environmental protection has been shown to be consistently related to higher levels of Openness to Experience and Agreeableness traits (and somewhat Honesty-Humility), Self-Transcendence and Openness to Change values, and future thinking. In contrast, greater environmental exploitation is consistently related to higher levels of conservative political orientation, Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). Research examining individual differences provides useful theoretical information that can have applied benefits in designing communication strategies to bring individuals less prone to protect the natural environment on board. Issues with jangle fallacy (measures with different names might not necessarily assess different things) and direction for future research are also discussed.

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Beyond culture and the family: Evidence from twin studies on the genetic and environmental contribution to values

Cited by 19 publications

References 93 publications

Personal Values & Decision-Making Biases

Personal Values & Decision-Making Biases

A neurocognitive model of ideological thinking

The Differential Psychology of Environmental Protection/Exploitation

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Beyond culture and the family: Evidence from twin studies on the genetic and environmental contribution to values

Cited by 19 publications

References 93 publications

Personal Values &amp; Decision-Making Biases

Personal Values &amp; Decision-Making Biases

A neurocognitive model of ideological thinking

The Differential Psychology of Environmental Protection/Exploitation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Personal Values & Decision-Making Biases

Personal Values & Decision-Making Biases