Beyond Audio Description: Exploring 360° Video Accessibility with Blind and Low Vision Users Through Collaborative Creation

“It’s Kind of Context Dependent”: Understanding Blind and Low Vision People’s Video Accessibility Preferences Across Viewing Scenarios

“…We then probed participants to explore what could make these videos more accessible, eliciting creative ideas not yet possible with current technology. Our inquiry was based on multisensory interactions for videos proposed by Jiang et al [59] and Sackl et al [99]. Referring to the specific video and scenario, we asked questions such as: The third part of the interview was the video co-watching portion, during which we presented participants with multiple videos to encourage them to compare and contrast their preferences across different scenarios.…”

“…Prior work has also explored using different modalities to make videos accessible. In a study with BLV AD users, sighted AD creators, and BLV AD creators, Jiang et al [59] identified key video accessibility considerations posed by BLV AD creators due to their unique intersection of experiences. The authors found that the linguistic and aural presentation of AD, sound design, and multisensory aspects contributed towards greater immersion for BLV viewers.…”

“…While most prior research on video accessibility has focused on creating universally satisfactory descriptions, some have investigated the diversity of BLV users' preferences and information needs for the same video [19,20,59,126]. For example, Chmiel and Mazur [20] examined AD preference differences between people with different vision levels and experiences with vision loss onset.…”

“…We recommend for audio cues to be included in a tertiary audio track to allow BLV users full control over whether and when they would like to hear audio cues in addition to AD. For emerging devices, such as extended reality (XR) headsets, video accessibility creators can borrow from prior literature in XR accessibility and game design (e.g., [12,59,64]) to determine if additional modalities such as smell or taste are appropriate for information presentation.…”

“…Others have focused on improving the quality of AD through providing authorship guidelines to help determine what content to include or which tone of voice to use (e.g., [3, 26-28, 58, 59, 117]). However, limited research has explored how nonverbal techniques, which include visual, audio, and tactile enhancements [59,99], can support video accessibility in a holistic manner.…”