Beware a dishonest face?: Updating face-based implicit impressions using diagnostic behavioral information

Shen, Xi; Mann, Thomas C.; Ferguson, Melissa J.

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103888

Cited by 30 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Other evidence supports the claim that first impressions are culturally learned. For example, recent work has demonstrated the ability for individuals to update implicit and explicit judgements of trustworthiness by learning new behavioural information about a target (Shen, Mann, & Ferguson, 2020). Cross‐cultural work has further supported a large role of learning, demonstrating that first impressions of trustworthiness, dominance and other character traits are highly culturally variable (Over et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturally learned first impressions occur rapidly and automatically and emerge early in development

Eggleston

Flavell

Tipper

et al. 2020

Developmental Science

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Previous research indicates that first impressions from faces are the products of automatic and rapid processing and emerge early in development. These features have been taken as evidence that first impressions have a phylogenetic origin. We examine whether first impressions acquired through learning can also possess these features. First, we confirm that adults rate a person as more intelligent when they are wearing glasses (Study 1). Next, we show this inference persists when participants are instructed to ignore the glasses (Study 2) and when viewing time is restricted to 100 ms (Study 3). Finally, we show that 6‐year‐old, but not 4‐year‐old, children perceive individuals wearing glasses to be more intelligent, indicating that the effect is seen relatively early in development (Study 4). These data indicate that automaticity, rapid access and early emergence are not evidence that first impressions have an innate origin. Rather, these features are equally compatible with a learning model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturally learned first impressions occur rapidly and automatically and emerge early in development

Eggleston

Flavell

Tipper

et al. 2020

Developmental Science

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“…In social interactions involving trust, perceivers are motivated to adopt an individuating approach, focusing on diagnostic individual behavioral information that is deemed valuable to predict future behaviors (Telga et al, 2018). When information about how others behaved in the past is available, it largely impacts trustworthiness judgments (Delgado et al, 2005;Shen et al, 2020). Similarly, when given the opportunity to interact multiple times with unfamiliar partners, perceivers typically observe and monitor the behavior of their partners, and base their trust decisions on the behavioral information acquired through experience in a reciprocal fashion, showing more trust with trustworthy individuals, and less trust with untrustworthy individuals (Axelrod and Hamilton, 1981;King-Casas et al, 2005;Alós-Ferrer and Farolfi, 2019;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Older and Younger Adults Perform Similarly in an Iterated Trust Game

Telga

Lupiáñez

2021

Front. Psychol.

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In social contexts, aging is typically associated with a greater reliance on heuristics, such as categorical information and stereotypes. The present research examines younger and older adults’ use of individuating and age-based categorical information when gauging whether or not to trust unfamiliar targets. In an adaptation of the iterated Trust Game, participants had to predict the cooperative tendencies of their partners to earn economic rewards in first encounters – in a context in which they knew nothing about their partners, and across repeated interactions – in a context in which they could learn the individual cooperative tendency of each partner. In line with previous research, we expected all participants to rely on stereotypes in first encounters, and progressively learn to disregard stereotypes to focus on individuating behavioral cues across repeated interactions. Moreover, we expected older participants to rely more on social categories than younger participants. Our results indicate that overall, both the elderly and the young adopted an individuating approach to predict the cooperative behaviors of their partners across trials. However, older adults more consistently relied on gender (but not age) stereotypes to make cooperation decisions at zero acquaintance. The impact of context, motivation, and relevance of categorical information in impression formation is discussed.

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“…This would allow an interaction of face and associated outcomes. When compared with random outcomes, faces should not become associated with specific outcome expectations; repeated interaction should thereby diminish face effects over time (Shen et al, 2020). We speculated that absent effects of self-rated personality may be due to the dominant influence of faces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

In Your Face(t)—Personality Traits Interact With Prototypical Personality Faces in Economic Decision Making

2021

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In everyday life, assumptions about our peers' as well as our own personality shape social interactions. We investigated whether self-rated personality and inferences drawn from partners' faces influence economic decisions. Participants (N = 285) played the trust game in the role of the trustor as well as the ultimatum game in the role of the proposer and interacted with trustees and receivers represented by prototypical personality faces. Participants also evaluated both their own traits and the personality of the faces. In the trust game, trustees represented by faces rated higher on agreeableness yielded higher transferred amounts. This effect was more pronounced for trustors low on dispositional trust, whereas trustors high on dispositional trust did not relate their decisions to the faces. Trustees represented by faces rated higher on conscientiousness yielded higher transferred amounts only for trustors high on dispositional anxiety. In the ultimatum game, receivers represented by faces rated higher on conscientiousness yielded lower offers only for proposers high on dispositional assertiveness. These results extend previous findings on the inferences drawn from facial features and the influence of personality on decision making. They highlight the importance of considering the personality of both interaction partner, as well as potential interactions of players' traits.

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Beware a dishonest face?: Updating face-based implicit impressions using diagnostic behavioral information

Cited by 30 publications

References 109 publications

Culturally learned first impressions occur rapidly and automatically and emerge early in development

Culturally learned first impressions occur rapidly and automatically and emerge early in development

Older and Younger Adults Perform Similarly in an Iterated Trust Game

In Your Face(t)—Personality Traits Interact With Prototypical Personality Faces in Economic Decision Making

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