Between State and Society: The Construction of Corporateness in a Chinese Socialist Factory

Approaches to Managerial Influence in the People's Republic of China

“…Since persuasion of any kind is inherently face-threatening, managerial approaches to persuasion in China are likely to reflect a high concern for maintaining both self-face and other-face. For instance, managers might attempt to influence their employees in ways that avoid divisiveness (Ting-Toomey, 1985;Chua & Gudykunst, 1987 (Howard, 1988;Yang, 1989 (Warner, 1991 Krone, 1992). Because it taps into the perceived right of a manager to exercise influence and the perceived duty of an employee to comply, whether an influence attempt occurs in an obligatory or nonobligatory work situation appears to be an important factor in affecting managerial influence choices (Hirokawa & Miyahara, 1986; Harper & Hirokawa, 1988 (Miles & Huberman, 1994 Tables 3 and 4).…”

Red cadres and specialists as modern managers: an empirical assessment of managerial competencies in China

“…Secondly, enterprises are perceived in the PRC as subordinate units of the central and local governments which can legitimately impose their social and ideological visions on enterprises. Enterprises are under pressure to appease the authorities and other interest groups by involving themselves in activities such as championing mass participation in management and contributing financially to recreation facilities in the local community (Boisot and Child, 1988;Yang, 1989).…”

On the Search for Civil Society in China

“…In her study of a collective printing enterprise, for example, Mayfair Yang (1989) Although Walder and Chan carefully skirt the concept of civil society, nevertheless their findings bear directly upon it. Walder ends his article by observing that workers today are more willing than before to assert their rights as "Chinese citizens" (Walder, 1991: 492) and Chan falls back on the concept of "societal corporatism" as an alternative to the more problematic notion of civil society (Chan, 1992: 15).…”