Between–City Variation in Frequency of Injection Among Puerto Rican Injection Drug Users: East Harlem, New York, and Bayamon, Puerto Rico

Colón, Héctor M.; Robles, Rafaela R.; Deren, Sherry; Sahai, Hardeo; Finlinson, H. Ann; Andia, Jonny; Cruz, Miguel A.; Kang, Sung–Yeon; Oliver-Velez, Denise

doi:10.1097/00042560-200108010-00012

Cited by 50 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The findings of our study are also consistent with some of our previous findings from the parent ARIBBA project, indicating greater overall HIV risk and incidence and lower use of protective and health services in the PR cohort compared to the NY cohort. 35,45,46 The covariates found to be significantly associated with time to death in the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis-age, education, HIV infection, social isolation-are also consistent with other studies of mortality. [47][48][49] Even though we cannot rule out that other unmeasured individual-level factors could account for the cross-site difference, higher-level factors such as access and availability of services might also be exerting an important influence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Relevant baseline characteristics were selected based on the mortality literature and from our previous studies with these two cohorts. 35 Annual mortality rates were calculated as the total number of deaths divided by the number of personyears in each cohort. Confidence limits for the annual mortality rates were calculated by assuming a Poisson distribution.…”

Section: Mortality Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study of Mortality Among Puerto Rican Injection Drug Users in East Harlem, New York, and Bayamon, Puerto Rico

Colón¹,

Deren

Robles³

et al. 2006

J Urban Health

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Mortality Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Mortality Among Puerto Rican Injection Drug Users in East Harlem, New York, and Bayamon, Puerto Rico

Colón¹,

Deren

Robles³

et al. 2006

J Urban Health

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“…Injection and sex-related risk behaviors, as reported in prior publications on these cohorts, were higher in PR, 9,11,14,15 and access to services was lower. 16 As shown in Table 2, for the total sample, a smaller percentage of those recruited in PR reported engaging in sex in the prior 30 days (48 vs 56%, p G 0.01).…”

Section: Injection and Sex Risk Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Participants were recruited by outreach workers using targeted sampling (see Deren et al 9 and Coló n et al 11 for details regarding the recruitment process). They were brought to field locations in each study site, where informed consent (at baseline) was obtained, the interview was administered, and HIV testing was offered.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Puerto Rico–New York Airbridge for Drug Users: Description and Relationship to HIV Risk Behaviors

et al. 2007

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This study examined mobility on the airbridge between New York (NY) and Puerto Rico (PR) for Puerto Rican drug users and its relationship to HIV risk. Over 1,200 Puerto Rican injection drug users (IDUs) and crack smokers were recruited by outreach workers in NY and PR; interview data included questions on mobility (lifetime residences and recent trips). Two-thirds of the NY sample had lived in PR; one-quarter of the PR sample had lived in NY; the most commonly sited reasons for moving were family-related. Fewer than 10% had visited the other location in the prior 3 years. Variables related to risk were number of moves, recent travel, and having used drugs in PR (all with p G 0.05). Implications included the need to enhance risk reduction efforts for IDUs in PR and address sexual risk among mobile drug users.

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“…The use and consequences of speedball are well documented (Colon et al 2001;Alegria et al 2004;Finlinson et al 2006), but the extent to which it is co-injected with other drugs is not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC–MS confirmation of xylazine (Rompun), a veterinary sedative, in exchanged needles

Rodríguez

Vidot

Panelli³

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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In order to assess the extent of Xylazine (Xyz) injection in Puerto Rico, two waves of used-syringe collections were performed. In the first, syringes were gathered, anonymously and without additional information; in the second, a short interview, also anonymous, was administered. We found Xyz in 37.6% of the collected syringes; the majority of the Xyz-containing syringes came from ranching communities. Syringes containing Xyz more frequently also contained "speedball" than those without (90.6% and 66.7%, respectively). Self-reports of Xyz injection deviated markedly from actual detection: only 50% (self-described users) and 22% (self-described non-users) of the collected syringes contained the drug. With a high prevalence of skin ulcers (38.5% vs. 6.8%, p < 0.001), Xyz users were more likely to be in poor health compared to non-users. Surprisingly, though a higher percentage of Xyz users than non-users had college-level educations (23.1% vs. 5.5%), they were more likely to be homeless (64.1% vs. 37%).

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Between–City Variation in Frequency of Injection Among Puerto Rican Injection Drug Users: East Harlem, New York, and Bayamon, Puerto Rico

Cited by 50 publications

References 33 publications

A Comparative Study of Mortality Among Puerto Rican Injection Drug Users in East Harlem, New York, and Bayamon, Puerto Rico

A Comparative Study of Mortality Among Puerto Rican Injection Drug Users in East Harlem, New York, and Bayamon, Puerto Rico

The Puerto Rico–New York Airbridge for Drug Users: Description and Relationship to HIV Risk Behaviors

GC–MS confirmation of xylazine (Rompun), a veterinary sedative, in exchanged needles

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