Better together: Protein partnerships for lineage-specific oil accumulation

Busta, Lucas; Chapman, Kent D.; Cahoon, Edgar B.

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102191

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…These findings suggest that similar supply modifications may exist to generate other branched fatty acid products, such as very-long-chain branched alkanes (Busta & Jetter, 2017;Vogg et al, 2004). Together, these observations suggest that flux through pathways to fatty acid-derived natural products may be enhanced by modifying various aspects of upstream core metabolism, including protein-protein interactions (Busta et al, 2022), as has been suggested for other plant natural product pathways (Lopez-Nieves et al, 2018;Schenck et al, 2017). This notion, together with the fact that fatty acid-like compounds can be obtained on industrial scales from engineered yeast, field-grown oilseeds, and crop vegetative mass, makes it seem likely that even relatively complex fatty acid-derived natural products may be well suited to bio-based production on a large scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Variation on a theme: the structures and biosynthesis of specialized fatty acid natural products in plants

2022

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SUMMARY Plants are able to construct lineage‐specific natural products from a wide array of their core metabolic pathways. Considerable progress has been made toward documenting and understanding, for example, phenylpropanoid natural products derived from phosphoenolpyruvate via the shikimate pathway, terpenoid compounds built using isopentyl pyrophosphate, and alkaloids generated by the extensive modification of amino acids. By comparison, natural products derived from fatty acids have received little attention, except for unusual fatty acids in seed oils and jasmonate‐like oxylipins. However, scattered but numerous reports show that plants are able to generate many structurally diverse compounds from fatty acids, including some with highly elaborate and unique structural features that have novel bioproduct functionalities. Furthermore, although recent work has shed light on multiple new fatty acid natural product biosynthesis pathways and products in diverse plant species, these discoveries have not been reviewed. The aims of this work, therefore, are to (i) review and systematize our current knowledge of the structures and biosynthesis of fatty acid‐derived natural products that are not seed oils or jasmonate‐type oxylipins, specifically, polyacetylenic, very‐long‐chain, and aromatic fatty acid‐derived natural products, and (ii) suggest priorities for future investigative steps that will bring our knowledge of fatty acid‐derived natural products closer to the levels of knowledge that we have attained for other phytochemical classes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Variation on a theme: the structures and biosynthesis of specialized fatty acid natural products in plants

2022

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“…Furthermore, the physical interaction between acyl-ACP and thioesterases in microalgae has also been demonstrated to be crucial for thioesterase substrate preference ( Blatti et al 2012 ). Increasing evidence supports the presence of lipid biosynthetic interactomes and their importance in modulating lipid metabolism, though further research is needed to elucidate the nature and mechanisms of this noncatalytic regulation of lipid metabolism ( Xu et al 2019 ; Busta et al 2022 ; Xu et al 2023 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN4 and RHOMBOID LIKE10 act independently in chloroplast phosphatidate synthesis

Xu,

Kambhampati,

Morley

et al. 2023

Plant Physiology

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ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN4 (ACP4) is the most abundant ACP isoform in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves and acts as a scaffold for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and as a substrate for acyl-ACP-utilizing enzymes. Recently, ACP4 was found to interact with a protein designated plastid RHOMBOID LIKE10 (RBL10) that affects chloroplast monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) biosynthesis, but the cellular function of this interaction remains to be explored. Here, we generated and characterized acp4 rbl10 double mutants to explore whether ACP4 and RBL10 directly interact in influencing chloroplast lipid metabolism. Alterations in the content and molecular species of chloroplast lipids such as MGDG and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) were observed in the acp4 and rbl10 mutants, which are likely associated with the changes in the size and profiles of diacylglycerol (DAG), phosphatidic acid (PA) and acyl-ACP precursor pools. ACP4 contributed to the size and profile of the acyl-ACP pool and interacted with acyl-ACP-utilizing enzymes, as expected for its role in fatty acid biosynthesis and chloroplast lipid assembly. RBL10 appeared to be involved in the conversion of PA to DAG precursors for MGDG biosynthesis as evidenced by the increased 34:x PA and decreased 34:x DAG in the rbl10 mutant and the slow turnover of radiolabeled PA in isolated chloroplasts fed with [14C] acetate. Interestingly, the impaired PA turnover in rbl10 was partially reversed in the acp4 rbl10 double mutant. Collectively, this study shows that ACP4 and RBL10 affect chloroplast lipid biosynthesis by modulating substrate precursor pools and appear to act independently.

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“…Recent results have suggested that certain plant lipid assembly enzymes may associate as metabolons within the ER to support efficient utilization of select substrate pools (e.g. diacylglycerol) for the differential synthesis of membrane lipids or TAG 8,30,45,46 . Therefore, we investigated protein-protein interactions between the P. fendleri DGATs and lipases through split ubiquitin-based yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) (Figure 4).…”

Section: Subcellular Localization and Protein:protein Interaction Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond a metabolic endpoint: identification of triacylglycerol remodeling mechanism to synthesize unusual fatty acid oils

Bates,

Bhandari,

Parchuri

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Typical plant membranes and storage lipids are comprised of five common fatty acids yet over 450 unusual fatty acids accumulate in seed oils of various plant species. Plant oils are important human and animal nutrients, while some unusual fatty acids such as hydroxylated fatty acids (HFA) are used within the chemical industry (lubricants, paints, polymers, cosmetics, etc.). Most unusual fatty acids are extracted from non-agronomic crops leading to high production costs. Attempts to engineer HFA into crops are unsuccessful due to bottlenecks in the overlapping pathways of oil and membrane lipid synthesis where HFA are not compatible. Physaria fendleri naturally overcomes these bottlenecks through a novel triacylglycerol (TAG) remodeling mechanism where HFA are incorporated into TAG after initial synthesis. TAG remodeling involves a novel TAG lipase and two diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) that are selective for different stereochemical and acyl-containing species of diacylglycerol within a synthesis, partial degradation, and resynthesis cycle. The TAG lipase interacts with DGAT1, localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (with the DGATs) but also spots around the lipid droplet, likely forming a TAG remodeling metabolon near the lipid droplet ER junction. Each characterized DGAT and TAG lipase can increase HFA accumulation in engineered seed oils.

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Better together: Protein partnerships for lineage-specific oil accumulation

Cited by 11 publications

References 69 publications

Variation on a theme: the structures and biosynthesis of specialized fatty acid natural products in plants

Variation on a theme: the structures and biosynthesis of specialized fatty acid natural products in plants

Arabidopsis ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN4 and RHOMBOID LIKE10 act independently in chloroplast phosphatidate synthesis

Beyond a metabolic endpoint: identification of triacylglycerol remodeling mechanism to synthesize unusual fatty acid oils

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