“…These pumps include the fresh water cooling pump, M/E jacket cooling fresh water pump, lubrication oil pump and auxiliary boiler feed water pump. Various methods have been proposed for controlling open pumps by means of variable frequency drives (VFDs) [1,2,4,8]; those proposed for closed pumps [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] have mainly focused on onshore power applications, with sparse literature regarding problems for closed pumps driven by VFDs in marine vessels or offshore power systems. From a practical system operation point of view, the closed pumps can be controlled by means of VFD constant pressure controls, such as boiler feed water control, air compressor pressure control, constant temperature control, such as fresh and sea water cooling water controls, or conditional controls, such as central cooling water control or jacket water cooling water control.…”