“…As a racialized labor market institution, the criminal justice system shapes racial patterns in unemployment, labor market participation, job stability, earnings, and other labor outcomes, through processes of exclusion and marginalization from the labor market (Smith & Broege, 2020;Smith & Simon, 2020;Warner, Kaiser, & Houle, 2020;Zatz & Stoll, 2020). Scholars have argued that the criminal justice system often functions to exclude Black communities, in particular, from employment, especially employment in more desirable, stable jobs (Augustine, 2019;Zatz, 2021). These patterns contribute to what Dawson (2016: 157) terms the "continued systemic economic subordination of Black communities" (Zatz, 2020).…”