Better Management Practices for Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

Summerfelt, Steven T.; Vinci, Brian J.

doi:10.1002/9780813818672.ch10

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…by using dual drain systems, sediment traps or sludge cones (Timmons et al. 2002; Brinker in press; Summerfelt & Vinci in press).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the mechanical characteristics of faecal waste in rainbow trout: the influence of fish size and treatment with a non-starch polysaccharide (guar gum)

Brinker¹

2009

Aquaculture Nutrition

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This study (3 × 2 randomized factorial design) describes differences in the mechanical properties of faeces from rainbow trout of three size classes (small ≈40 g, mid‐size ≈150 g, large ≈650 g) and assesses the effects of a non‐starch polysaccharide binder (guar gum). Observations made at the macroscopic level were reinforced by rheological measurements of viscosity and elastic modulus. Mid‐sized fish excreted mechanically the most stable faeces, roughly twice as stable as those of small fish and three times more stable than faeces from large fish. The addition of 3 g kg−1 of guar gum saw some mechanical characteristics improve by about 700%. Faeces from large‐ and mid‐sized fish were more easily stabilized than those of small fish. Mechanical recovery potential for faecal samples disrupted by water turbulence was determined. Stability differences observed for different fish size had no significant effect but the improvements imparted by guar gum reduced postfiltration effluent load to about 35% for large fish, about 24% for mid‐size and about 22% for small fish. Faecal leaching decreased significantly with increasing stability. Guar gum was shown to have significant potential for improving the treatability of fish faecal waste.

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“…by using dual drain systems, sediment traps or sludge cones (Timmons et al. 2002; Brinker in press; Summerfelt & Vinci in press).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the mechanical characteristics of faecal waste in rainbow trout: the influence of fish size and treatment with a non-starch polysaccharide (guar gum)

Brinker¹

2009

Aquaculture Nutrition

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“…To meet this growth demand in the face of increasingly stringent restrictions on wild ocean resources, there is a market-based need for the aquaculture industry to expand. As an efficient method for fish production, RAS are highly productive due to their (i) controlled, bio-secure environment, allowing maximized fish production over relatively short periods, and (ii) minimal water use, which makes them viable solutions for areas where water is scarce or in areas near large urban markets where strict water quality criteria exist (Summerfelt and Vinci, 2007;Timmons and Ebeling, 2010;Wheaton and Singh, 1999). However, the minimal water use associated with RAS technology concentrates wastes into (i) a solid waste/wastewater stream associated with solids settling/dewatering and (ii) an effluent stream.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Hydraulic Retention Times in Denitrifying Woodchip Bioreactors Treating Recirculating Aquaculture System Wastewater

et al. 2016

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The performance of wood-based denitrifying bioreactors to treat high-nitrate wastewaters from aquaculture systems has not previously been demonstrated. Four pilot-scale woodchip bioreactors (approximately 1:10 scale) were constructed and operated for 268 d to determine the optimal range of design hydraulic retention times (HRTs) for nitrate removal. The bioreactors were operated under HRTs ranging from 6.6 to 55 h with influent nitrate concentrations generally between 20 and 80 mg NO 3 − -N L −1 . These combinations resulted in N removal rates >39 g N m −3 d −1 , which is greater than previously reported. These high removal rates were due in large part to the relatively high chemical oxygen demand and warm temperature (~19°C) of the wastewater. An optimized design HRT may not be the same based on metrics of N removal rate versus N removal efficiency; longer HRTs demonstrated higher removal efficiencies, and shorter HRTs had higher removal rates. When nitrate influent concentrations were approximately 75 mg NO 3 -N L −1 (n = 6 sample events), the shortest HRT (12 h) had the lowest removal efficiency (45%) but a significantly greater removal rate than the two longest HRTs (42 and 55 h), which were N limited. Sulfate reduction was also observed under highly reduced conditions and was exacerbated under prolonged N-limited environments. Balancing the removal rate and removal efficiency for this water chemistry with a design HRT of approximately 24 h would result in a 65% removal efficiency and removal rates of at least 18 g N m −3 d −1 . Optimizing Hydraulic Retention Times in Denitrifying WoodchipBioreactors Treating Recirculating Aquaculture System Wastewater Christine Lepine,* Laura Christianson, Kata Sharrer, and Steven Summerfelt E nhanced-denitrification bioreactors are a farm-or field-scale technology designed to address increasing levels of reactive nitrogen (N) in the environment (Schipper et al., 2010a). Such N pollution from agricultural sources is a causal agent in eutrophication, hypoxia (dead zones), and habitat degradation, resulting in a loss of biodiversity in coastal waters worldwide (Galloway et al., 2003). Over the past 20 yr, wood-based heterotrophic denitrifying bioreactors have been used to mitigate nonpoint source N pollution associated with agricultural tile drainage and groundwater (Robertson and Cherry, 1995;Woli et al., 2010;Christianson et al., 2012;Schmidt and Clark, 2012) as well as N pollution from point sources like greenhouses (Warneke et al., 2011). Other agricultural point sources, in particular land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), stand to benefit greatly from such relatively simple denitrification technologies (van Rijn et al., 2006).Fish protein consumption has increased 3.6% per year since 1961, which is double the worldwide population growth of 1.8% per year (WHO, 2015). To meet this growth demand in the face of increasingly stringent restrictions on wild ocean resources, there is a market-based need for the aquaculture industry to expand. As an efficien...

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“…This index, though of great importance, does not unambiguously determine the excretion of waste in fish farms (the amount of pollutants depends on other parameters as well -rearing methods, feeding practices, feed composition and its assimilation rate. That's why setting and following the best management practice in the general aquaculture industry applies to the management of RAS as well (Boyd, 2003;Summerfield, Vinci, 2008;Ozbay et al, 2014). Generally for above mentioned reasons experiments, seeking to examine the assimilation of nutritional matter in feed produced very different results.…”

Section: Waste In Closed Recirculating Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste and Its Characterization in Closed Recirculating Aquaculture Systems – A Review

Mongirdas¹,

Žibienė

Žibas

2017

Journal of Water Security

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Abstract. Just like every economic activity, aquaculture has a particular effect on environment, which manifests itself due to waste through declining quality of subterranean water and eutrophication of surrounding surface water. Less than half of the feed in aquaculture is digested and assimilated, the rest ending up as waste either solid or dissolved and the nutrients phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) that are derived from fish excretion, faeces, and uneaten feed. The advantage of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) is that their wastewater discharges are 10-100 times lower and pollutant concentration respectively 10-100 times higher and can reach the level of pollution of household waste. This makes the pollution much easier to control. Additionally, striving to ensure and improve the stability and longevity of RAS, additional technological solutions, warranting the reduction of the amount of used water, waste concentration increase and their secondary utilization as bio stock are added. This article presents the research information from the engineering perspective, summarizing RAS design sensitive data concerning aquacultural waste components excreted in RAS.

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Better Management Practices for Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

Cited by 32 publications

References 39 publications

Improving the mechanical characteristics of faecal waste in rainbow trout: the influence of fish size and treatment with a non-starch polysaccharide (guar gum)

Improving the mechanical characteristics of faecal waste in rainbow trout: the influence of fish size and treatment with a non-starch polysaccharide (guar gum)

Optimizing Hydraulic Retention Times in Denitrifying Woodchip Bioreactors Treating Recirculating Aquaculture System Wastewater

Waste and Its Characterization in Closed Recirculating Aquaculture Systems – A Review

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