Better Coastal Management by Including Offshore and Geological Information in the Sediment Budget

Environmental controls on coastal dune formation; Skallingen Spit, Denmark

“…This shoal probably represents a Saalian terminal moraine draped with marine sediments and it has trapped a large majority, if not all, of the southerly directed littoral drift along the mainland coast north of Blåvands Huk. Recent numerical modelling (DHI, 2001;Sørensen et al, 2005) has shown that the littoral drift does not bypass Horns Rev because the shoal acts as a wave guide, refractively trapping waves from all directions. Based on this evidence, the Danish Wadden Sea barriers are likely to have formed mainly through onshore directed sediment transport from the shoreface and all, except Skallingen, are still accreting.…”

Assessing Future Flood Hazards for Adaptation Planning in a Northern European Coastal Community

“…An expanding channel cross section (Bruun and Gerritsen, 1960;Knudsen et al, 2011) leads to increased water transport into and higher surge levels in the fjord during storms. Between 1958 and 2005 a statistical 100-year extreme water level in the town of Lemvig has increased from 1.73 to 1.99 m DVR90, and it is expected to increase further to 2.38 m DVR90 by 2060 excluding effects of sea level rise, if the channel is allowed to develop naturally (Christensen, 2011a,b;Knudsen et al, 2012;Sorensen et al, 2013). All heights refer to the Danish Datum DVR90 which corresponds to Danish mean sea level around 1990 (Schmidt, 2000) unless otherwise stated.…”

“…2015 TG measurements are used in relation to the groundwater level observations. Regarding extreme water levels and statistics, numbers are adopted from Sorensen et al (2013).…”

“…The sea level rise scenario is adopted from Grinsted (2015) and Olesen et al (2014) and modified to 2065 and 2115, respectively. Extreme water levels are adopted from Sorensen et al (2013) using the Thyboron Harbor statistics. Linearity in 100 year event extreme water levels with SLR is assumed and e.g., changes in climate conditions (storm frequency and intensity), tides, morphodynamic conditions, construction works etc.…”

“…Regarding extreme water levels, a 100-year event at Thyboron Harbor is 1.93 m DVR90 (Thyboron Coast, 2.64 m) according to Sorensen et al (2013) who also provide a list of the 40 highest water levels recorded. These show some variability in numbers and intensity over time at Thyboron Harbor, Figure S5.…”