Betanin inhibits PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6 signaling pathway, cell growth and death in osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells

Abstract

It is possible to develop new chemopreventive compounds so that cancer cells can be targeted in an exclusive manner. Bioactive natural compounds have demonstrated to be efficient chemotherapeutic agents, safe and cost‐effective. Majority of anti‐cancer medications are derived from natural sources, particularly of plant origins. Betanin (betanidin‐5‐O‐β‐glucoside) is the most common betacyanin with antioxidant, anti inflammatory and anticancer properties. The present study therefore investigated the effect of betanin onosteosarcoma MG‐63 cells. The mechanistic pathway of inflammatory responses, cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated. The MG‐63 cells were treated with betanin for 24 h. Betanin actions on the appearance of cell arrangements, morphological changes, ROS induced Δψm, cell migration, cell adhesion and proliferative mechanistic marker expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6were analyzed. Betanin inhibited MG‐63 cells at IC50 concentrations between 9.08 and 54.49 μM and induced apoptosis by triggering the ROS mechanism. Betanin inhibited proliferation and migration of MG‐63 cells and induced DNA fragmentation. Betanin also modified the key mediator expression levels of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6 signaling pathways. Betanin can potentially be utilized in bone carcinoma therapeutics to inhibit, reverse or delay osteosarcoma.