Beta2 toxin, a novel toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens

Gibert, Maryse; Jolivet-Renaud, Colette; Popoff, Michel R.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00493-9

Cited by 269 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In animals, the b2-toxin causes a severe, often fatal form of hemorrhagic enteritis (Gibert et al 1997;Manteca et al 2002). In our study, we found that hemorrhagic enteritis in cattle can be caused by both lineage III strains and certain lineage I strains, but the b2-toxin occurs only among lineage I strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Pathogenic strains of C. perfringens cause a variety of human and animal diseases including food poisoning, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, gas gangrene, necrotic enteritis, necrotizing colitis, sudden death syndrome, and enterotoxemia (Lindsay 1996;Songer 1996;Gibert et al 1997;Rood 1998;Brynestad and Granum 2002;Bos et al 2005). C. perfringens causes this wide array of diseases as a result of being able to produce at least 15 toxins (Rood 1998;Petit et al 1999;Smedley et al 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Core Housekeeping and Virulence Genes Reveals Cryptic Lineages ofClostridium perfringensThat Are Associated With Distinct Disease Presentations

et al. 2006

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Clostridium perfringens is an important human and animal pathogen that causes a number of diseases that vary in their etiology and severity. Differences between strains regarding toxin gene composition and toxin production partly explain why some strains cause radically different diseases than others. However, they do not provide a complete explanation. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a phylogenetic component that explains the variance in C. perfringens strain virulence by assessing patterns of genetic polymorphism in genes (colA gyrA, plc, pfoS, and rplL) that form part of the core genome in 248 type A strains. We found that purifying selection plays a central role in shaping the patterns of nucleotide substitution and polymorphism in both housekeeping and virulence genes. In contrast, recombination was found to be a significant factor only for the virulence genes plc and colA and the housekeeping gene gyrA. Finally, we found that the strains grouped into five distinct evolutionary lineages that show evidence of host adaptation and the early stages of speciation. The discovery of these previously unknown lineages and their association with distinct disease presentations carries important implications for human and veterinary clostridial disease epidemiology and provides important insights into the pathways through which virulence has evolved in C. perfringens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of Core Housekeeping and Virulence Genes Reveals Cryptic Lineages ofClostridium perfringensThat Are Associated With Distinct Disease Presentations

et al. 2006

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“…The beta toxin induces hemorrhagic necrosis of the intestinal mucosa (Lawrence & Cooke, 1980;Gilbert et al, 1997). Although the exact mechanism of action is not yet known, beta 1 toxin is most likely also a membrane-damaging toxin.…”

Section: Perfringens Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium perfringensin poultry: an emerging threat for animal and public health

et al. 2004

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The incidence of Clostridium perfringens-associated necrotic enteritis in poultry has increased in countries that stopped using antibiotic growth promoters. Necrotic enteritis and the subclinical form of C. perfringens infection in poultry are caused by C. perfringens type A, producing the alpha toxin, and to a lesser extent type C, producing both alpha toxin and beta toxin. Some strains of C. perfringens type A produce an enterotoxin at the moment of sporulation and are responsible for foodborne disease in humans. The mechanisms of colonization of the avian small intestinal tract and the factors involved in toxin production are largely unknown. It is generally accepted, however, that predisposing factors are required for these bacteria to colonize and cause disease in poultry. The best known predisposing factor is mucosal damage, caused by coccidiosis. Diets with high levels of indigestible, water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides, known to increase the viscosity of the intestinal contents, also predispose to necrotic enteritis. Standardized models are being developed for the reproduction of colonization of poultry by C. perfringens and the C. perfringens-associated necrotic enteritis. One such model is a combined infection with Eimeria species and C. perfringens. Few tools and strategies are available for prevention and control of C. perfringens in poultry. Vaccination against the pathogen and the use of probiotic and prebiotic products has been suggested, but are not available for practical use in the field at the present time. The most cost-effective control will probably be achieved by balancing the composition of the feed.

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“…Almost a decade ago, the beta2 toxin and its encoding gene (cpb2) were first identified in C. perfringens type C (strain CWC245) isolated from a piglet with necrotizing enterocolitis (8). The amino acid sequence of cpb2 showed no significant homologies with cpb from the beta toxin (15%) or other known proteins (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amino acid sequence of cpb2 showed no significant homologies with cpb from the beta toxin (15%) or other known proteins (8,9). Although its biological activity was similar to that of the beta toxin it may possess weaker cytotoxic activity (8). A possible pore formation or other mechanisms leading to cell membrane disruption appear to be its most plausible function (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and characterization of cpb2 gene in Clostridium perfringens isolates from healthy and diseased chickens

Tolooe¹,

Shojadoost²,

Peighambari³

2011

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Abstract:Clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen in both human and veterinary medicine. Necrotic enteritis (NE) is the most clinically dramatic bacterial enteric disease of poultry induced by C. perfringens. The pathogenicity of this bacterium is associated with the production of extracellular toxins produced by some of its strains, such as beta2 toxin. The exact role of beta2 toxin in NE pathogenesis is still controversial. In the present study, C. perfringens isolates from healthy and diseased poultry flocks from different parts of Iran were analyzed by PCR assay to determine the presence of all variants of the beta2 toxin gene (cpb2). The products of two positive cpb2 PCR reactions were sequenced, compared to each other and to the cpb2 sequences published in GenBank (by multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis). The current work represents the first study of cpb2 in poultry C. perfringens isolates in Asia, and reports the highest percentage of cpb2-positive isolates in both apparently healthy chickens (97.7%) and those afflicted with NE (94.4 %). The sequenced isolates were classified as atypical. This study did not show a direct correlation between NE occurrence and cpb2 presence.

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Beta2 toxin, a novel toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens

Cited by 269 publications

References 24 publications

Analysis of Core Housekeeping and Virulence Genes Reveals Cryptic Lineages ofClostridium perfringensThat Are Associated With Distinct Disease Presentations

Analysis of Core Housekeeping and Virulence Genes Reveals Cryptic Lineages ofClostridium perfringensThat Are Associated With Distinct Disease Presentations

Clostridium perfringensin poultry: an emerging threat for animal and public health

Molecular detection and characterization of cpb2 gene in Clostridium perfringens isolates from healthy and diseased chickens

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