Beta‐glucuronidases: Their Significance and Relation to Cancer*

Bartalos, Mihály; Györkey, Ferenc

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1963.tb00026.x

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…,-Glucuronidase has a dual localization in the cell, in lysosomes and in the microsomal fraction (Bartalos & Gyorkey, 1963;Fishman et al, 1967). Other workers studying the intracellular distribution of this enzyme in muscular tissues, such as ox heart (Sottocasa et al, 1962), and by using conventional homogenizers have found a large proportion of the enzyme in the nuclear fraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and characterization of lysosomal β-glucuronidase from human placenta

Contractor

Shane

1972

Biochemical Journal

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1. Subcellular fractions of human placenta were prepared by nitrogen-bomb homogenization and differential centrifugation. 2. beta-Glucuronidase from placental lysosomes was purified 2100-fold on a protein basis. 3. The lysosomal enzyme, at different stages of purification, was characterized by using 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-d-glucuronide and phenolphthalein beta-d-glucuronide as substrates. 4. Only one isoenzyme of beta-glucuronidase was found in placenta; the enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum appeared to be the same as the lysosomal enzyme. 5. The isoenzyme contained in normal plasma was different from that of the placenta. 6. The elevated beta-glucuronidase activity found in plasma obtained during pregnancy was due to increased activity of the normal plasma isoenzyme; no contribution was made by placental isoenzyme. 7. Plasma contained a heat-stable, non-diffusible activator of placental beta-glucuronidase. 8. A heat-stable competitive inhibitor of placental and plasma beta-glucuronidase was also present in plasma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and characterization of lysosomal β-glucuronidase from human placenta

Contractor

Shane

1972

Biochemical Journal

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“…There is also considerable experimental evidence that (i-D glucuronidase is concerned in the mechanism of phagocytosis (Ballantyne, 1970;Ballantyne & Guillon, 1971;Saito & Suter, 1965). This coupled with the demonstration that steroid hormones enhance /i-D glucuronidase aaivity (Ballantyne & Guillon, 1971;Levy & Conchie, 1966) may explain the beneficial effect that corticosteroid therapy has on hypertrophic scar (Bartalos & Gyorkey, 1963;Im & Hoopes, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme activity in human scars, hypertrophic scars and keloids

Kemble¹,

Brown

1976

Br J Dermatol

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Biopsies from non-hypertrophic and hypertrophic scars and from normal skin have been studied histochemically for activities of nicotanamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase, lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, beta-D glucuronidase and alkaline phosphatase. The activities of all enzymes studied except alkaline phosphatase were found to be increased in hypertrophic scars as compared with non-hypertrophic scars and normal skin.

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“…Contemporaneous scientific publications, however, provide the context: elevated urinary beta-glucuronidase had been found to be positively associated with bladder cancer [ 36 , 37 ]. There was also some evidence that beta-glucuronidase activity was associated with atherosclerosis [ 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As of 1958, the US Food Additives Amendment stated that any food found to cause cancer when ingested by animals was grounds for removal from the Food and Drug Administration’s list of foods generally recognized as safe (GRAS) [ 42 ]. Project 259’s September 1969 finding indicated that the urine of rats fed a high-sucrose versus a high-starch diet contained higher levels of beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme that had been previously associated with bladder cancer in rats [ 36 , 37 ]. Had ISRF disclosed Project 259’s findings, it is likely that sucrose would have received scrutiny as a potential carcinogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar industry sponsorship of germ-free rodent studies linking sucrose to hyperlipidemia and cancer: An historical analysis of internal documents

2017

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In 1965, the Sugar Research Foundation (SRF) secretly funded a review in the New England Journal of Medicine that discounted evidence linking sucrose consumption to blood lipid levels and hence coronary heart disease (CHD). SRF subsequently funded animal research to evaluate sucrose’s CHD risks. The objective of this study was to examine the planning, funding, and internal evaluation of an SRF-funded research project titled “Project 259: Dietary Carbohydrate and Blood Lipids in Germ-Free Rats,” led by Dr. W.F.R. Pover at the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, between 1967 and 1971. A narrative case study method was used to assess SRF Project 259 from 1967 to 1971 based on sugar industry internal documents. Project 259 found a statistically significant decrease in serum triglycerides in germ-free rats fed a high sugar diet compared to conventional rats fed a basic PRM diet (a pelleted diet containing cereal meals, soybean meals, whitefish meal, and dried yeast, fortified with a balanced vitamin supplement and trace element mixture). The results suggested to SRF that gut microbiota have a causal role in carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia. A study comparing conventional rats fed a high-sugar diet to those fed a high-starch diet suggested that sucrose consumption might be associated with elevated levels of beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme previously associated with bladder cancer in humans. SRF terminated Project 259 without publishing the results. The sugar industry did not disclose evidence of harm from animal studies that would have (1) strengthened the case that the CHD risk of sucrose is greater than starch and (2) caused sucrose to be scrutinized as a potential carcinogen. The influence of the gut microbiota in the differential effects of sucrose and starch on blood lipids, as well as the influence of carbohydrate quality on beta-glucuronidase and cancer activity, deserve further scrutiny.

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Beta‐glucuronidases: Their Significance and Relation to Cancer*

Cited by 22 publications

References 103 publications

Purification and characterization of lysosomal β-glucuronidase from human placenta

Purification and characterization of lysosomal β-glucuronidase from human placenta

Enzyme activity in human scars, hypertrophic scars and keloids

Sugar industry sponsorship of germ-free rodent studies linking sucrose to hyperlipidemia and cancer: An historical analysis of internal documents

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