Beta-glucan enhances the response to SVCV infection in zebrafish

Medina-Gali, Regla María; Ortega-Villaizán, M.; Mercado, Luís; Novoa, Beatriz; Coll, Julio; Pérez, Luis

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2018.02.019

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…injection of β-glucans in trout revealed that beyond 36 days poststimulation, a higher mortality rate occurred in pre-immunized individuals ( 28 ). The genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, which are usually found to be upregulated during cell training ( 15 , 32 , 53 ) were not differentially modulated in our microarray results. These findings, together with the absence of protection against SVCV, led us to consider that in this work, we are describing long-term mechanisms that could persist beyond the end of training immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The trained immunity induced by β-glucans seems to be limited to a period of approximately 20 days. This effect was observed after in vitro stimulation of murine spleen-derived monocytes with this substance ( 53 ) and after in vivo stimulation in zebrafish ( 32 ). Moreover, a work based on long-term protection against the virus IHNV after an i.p.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…There are many works based on studying the effect of β-glucan pretreatment on the resolution of bacterial infections in fish after either oral or intraperitoneal administration ( 23 – 27 ). However, investigations of resistance against viral infections after β-glucan stimulation in teleosts ( 28 – 32 ), or in vertebrates in general ( 33 – 35 ), are scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Long-Lived Responses Induced by Immunostimulants and Their Effects on a Viral Infection in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

et al. 2018

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In recent years, the innate immune response has gained importance since evidence indicates that after an adequate priming protocol, it is possible to obtain some prolonged and enhanced immune responses. Nevertheless, several factors, such as the timing and method of administration of the immunostimulants, must be carefully considered. An inappropriate protocol can transform the treatments into a double-edged sword for the teleost immune system, resulting in a stressful and immunosuppressive state. In this work, we analyzed the long-term effects of different stimuli (β-glucans, lipopolysaccharide, and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid) on the transcriptome modulation induced by Spring Viremia Carp Virus (SVCV) in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) and on the mortality caused by this infection. At 35 days post-immunostimulation, the transcriptome was found to be highly altered compared to that of the control fish, and these stimuli also conditioned the response to SVCV challenge, especially in the case of β-glucans. No protection against SVCV was found with any of the stimuli, and non-significant higher mortalities were even observed, especially with β-glucans. However, in the short term (pre-stimulation with β-glucan and infection after 7 days), slight protection was observed after infection. The transcriptome response in the zebrafish kidney at 35 days posttreatment with β-glucans revealed a significant response associated with stress and immunosuppression. The identification of genes that were differentially expressed before and after the infection seemed to indicate a high energy cost of the immunostimulation that was prolonged over time and could explain the lack of protection against SVCV. Differential responses to stress and alterations in lipid metabolism, the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway, and interferon-gamma signaling seem to be some of the mechanisms involved in this response, which represents the end of trained immunity and the beginning of a stressful state characterized by immunosuppression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Long-Lived Responses Induced by Immunostimulants and Their Effects on a Viral Infection in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

et al. 2018

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“…Unlike several previously published in vitro trials in carp (Biswas et al ., ; Pietretti et al ., ; Kareem et al ., ), here β‐glucan significantly reduced overall expression of il‐1β in the gut. In contrast to in vitro trials, the effect of β‐glucan upon inflammatory cytokine gene expression in vivo has produced inconsistent results (Djordjevic et al ., ; Falco et al ., ; Medina‐Gali et al ., ). In our study however, there was no indication that the downregulation of il‐1β expression as measured by rt‐qPCR had a detrimental effect upon the overall health of the fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of β‐1/3,1/6‐glucan upon immune responses and bacteria in the gut of healthy common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Harris

Bray

Adamek

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Biology

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β-glucans are frequently included in the diet of healthy common carp Cyprinus carpio as a pre-emptive measure for combatting disease. In order to study the effect this has on the relationship between the gut bacteria and host immune response, carp were maintained on either a β-glucan free diet or feed containing 0.1% MacroGard ® , a β-1/3, 1/6-glucan, for up to 7 weeks and analysis of innate immune gene expression and molecular analysis of the gut bacteria was performed. The data reveals feeding of MacroGard ® to healthy carp does not induce bactericidal innate immune gene expression in the gut but does appear to alter bacterial species richness that did not have a negative effect on overall health. Analysis of innate immune gene expression within the upper midgut revealed that there were significant changes over time in the expression of Interleukin (il)-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), mucin (muc2) and C-reactive protein (crp2). Diet did not affect the number of copies of the bacterial 16s rDNA gene in the gut, used as a as a measure of total bacteria population size. However, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis revealed a shift in bacterial species richness with MacroGard feeding. Bactericidal immune gene expression of crp2, muc2 and il-1β was weakly correlated with gut bacteria population size indicating a potentially limited role of these genes in interacting with the gut bacteria in healthy carp in order to maintain gut homeostatic conditions. These findings highlight the importance of considering both host immunity and the microbiome together in order to fully elucidate the effeect of immunomodulants, such as β-glucans, upon gut health.

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“…Nowadays, β-glucans have attracted considerable attention due to their anti-infective, antiviral, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities as well as wound healing properties [2][3][4][5][6][7]. As for their antiviral effect, β-glucans have shown excellent activity against a broad spectrum of plant, animal, and human viruses, such as the infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus [8], spring viremia of carp virus [9], dengue virus [10], herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) [11], human immunodeficiency virus 1 [12], influenza virus [13,14], and tobacco mosaic virus [15]. Despite in vitro and in vivo evidence of the antiviral effect of β-glucans, to date, only a few human and animal clinical studies have been conducted utilizing β-glucans in treatment or prevention of viral infections [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Pleuran (β‐Glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) in the Management of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection

Urbancikova

Hudackova²,

Majtán

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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One of the highly prevalent viral pathogens among children and adults causing infection, clinically presenting as herpes labialis, is herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The long-term administration of acyclovir, a standard regimen for therapy against HSV-1 infections, can cause viral resistance against this drug. Therefore, the development of natural drugs with low toxicity that are able to enhance host antiviral defense against HSV infection is needed. β-Glucans represent a type of biologically active molecules possessing antiviral properties. The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical and immunomodulatory effect of β-glucan pleuran (insoluble β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus) based supplements on the duration and intensity of herpes symptoms and on the incidence rate and duration of acute respiratory symptoms and intercurrent diseases in HSV-1 positive patients. Ninety patients were randomised into active and placebo groups. Active treatment with pleuran in systemic application caused a significantly shorter duration of herpes simplex symptoms compared to the placebo group. During the preventive phase (120 days), the duration and severity of respiratory symptoms were lower in the active group compared to the placebo group; however, a significant difference was found only in the case of cough. No significant side effects were observed during both phases of the clinical trial (acute and preventive). Obtained results suggest that the use of pleuran seems to be a promising approach in the treatment of acute HSV-1 with beneficial effect on the respiratory tract symptoms and infections.

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Beta-glucan enhances the response to SVCV infection in zebrafish

Cited by 49 publications

References 39 publications

Analysis of the Long-Lived Responses Induced by Immunostimulants and Their Effects on a Viral Infection in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Analysis of the Long-Lived Responses Induced by Immunostimulants and Their Effects on a Viral Infection in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Effect of β‐1/3,1/6‐glucan upon immune responses and bacteria in the gut of healthy common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Efficacy of Pleuran (β‐Glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) in the Management of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection

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