BETA experiments in verification of the Wechsl code: experimental results on the melt-concrete interaction

Alsmeyer, H.

doi:10.1016/0029-5493(87)90289-5

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Lateral erosion is a factor 3 smaller. This is in agreement with the results of COMET-L1 [7] and -L2 [8], and the former BETA experiments [2] at low power density.…”

Section: Concrete Erosion Using Post Test Datasupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This interaction, conventionally nominated "Molten Corium Concrete Interaction" (MCCI), has been under study since many years, based on small scale laboratory tests with model materials on the one hand [1] and on large scale experiments with high temperature melts in real concrete on the other hand. Such typical experiments of the latter type are the BETA experiments performed 1984 to 1992 at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe [2]. In these experiments with sustained heated steel and oxide simulant melts, concrete erosion occurred predominantly by the metal melt, in which the decay heat was deposited by induction heating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The COMET-L3 experiment on long-term melt–concrete interaction and cooling by surface flooding

Miassoedov

Alsmeyer

Cron

et al. 2010

Nuclear Engineering and Design

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The COMET-L3 experiment considers the long-term situation of corium/concrete interaction in an anticipated core melt accident of a light-water-reactor, after the metal melt is layered beneath the oxide melt. The experimental focus is on cavity formation in the basemat and the risk of long term basemat penetration. The experiment investigates the two-dimensional concrete erosion in a cylindrical crucible fabricated from siliceous concrete in the first phase of the test, and the influence of surface flooding in the second phase. Decay heating in the two-component metal and oxide melt is simulated by sustained induction heating of the metal phase that is overlaid by the oxide melt.The inner diameter of the concrete crucible was 60 cm, the initial mass of the melt was 425 kg steel and 211 kg oxide at 1665°C, resulting in a melt height of 450 mm. The net power to the metal melt was about 220 kW from 0 s to 1880 s, when the maximum erosion limit of the crucible was reached and heating was terminated.In the initial phase of the test (less than 100 s), the overheated, highly agitated metal melt causes intense interaction with the concrete, which leads to fast decrease of the initial melt overheat and reduction of the initially high concrete erosion rate. Thereafter, under quasistationary conditions until about 800 s, the erosion by the metal melt slows down to some 0.07 mm/s into the axial direction. Lateral erosion is a factor 3 smaller. Video observation of the melt surface shows an agitated melt with ongoing gas release from the decomposing concrete. Several periods of more intense gas release, gas driven splashing, and release of crusts from the concrete interface indicate the existence and iterative break-up of crusts that probably form at the steel/concrete interface.Surface flooding of the melt is initiated at 800 s by a shower from the crucible head with 0.375 litre water/s. Flooding does not lead to strong melt/water interactions, and no entrapment reactions or penetration of water into the melt did occur. A nearly closed surface crust forms within 60 s after start of flooding and quenches after not more than 140 s.Residual holes in the crust are closed and the crust separates the coolant water overlayer and the hot melt below. Concrete erosion continues -although reduced -with some 0.040 mm/s, and eventually the melt reaches the maximum erosion limit of the crucible, at what time the simulated decay power is cut off. Two volcanic melt eruptions, that developed at the crust surface for a duration of 2 min each, had minor influence on coolabilty, as only 2.8 kg oxide particles were ejected into the overlaying water pool. Finally, the volcanic vents were blocked, and there are no indications that water ingression occurred through the surface crust.ii Post test analysis of the solidified melt was performed after the crucible was sectioned. The solidified melt shows no indication of water ingression from the upper surface. Tight crusts explain poor heat removal to the flooding water and the ongoing concrete...

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“…Lateral erosion is a factor 3 smaller. This is in agreement with the results of COMET-L1 [7] and -L2 [8], and the former BETA experiments [2] at low power density.…”

Section: Concrete Erosion Using Post Test Datasupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The COMET-L3 experiment on long-term melt–concrete interaction and cooling by surface flooding

Miassoedov

Alsmeyer

Cron

et al. 2010

Nuclear Engineering and Design

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show abstract

“…Early transient high temperature steel simulant experiments were conducted under dry cavity conditions by Powers et al [27,28] at Sandia National Laboratories to identify basic phenomenology associated with core-concrete interaction. These early transient tests were followed by additional sustained heating experiments using metallic melts at different power levels by Copus et al [29,30] and Tarbell et al [31] at Sandia, as well as Alsmeyer et al [32,33] at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT; formerly Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe) in Germany. Recently, Sevón et al at VTT in Finland [34] conducted transient metal tests focused on quantifying the ablation characteristics for hematite concrete, which is the type used as sacrificial material in the EPR reactor pit.…”

Section: Category 3 Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

OECD MCCI-2 Project. Final Report

Farmer

Lomperski

Kilsdonk

et al. 2010

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“…Early transient high temperature steel simulant experiments were conducted under dry cavity conditions by Powers et al [5,6] at Sandia National Laboratories to identify basic phenomenology associated with core-concrete interaction. These early transient tests were followed by additional sustained heating experiments using metallic melts at different power levels by Copus et al [7,8] and Tarbell et al [9] at Sandia, as well as Alsmeyer et al [10,11] at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT; formerly Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe) in Germany. Recently, Sevón et al at VTT in Finland [12] conducted transient metal tests focused on quantifying the ablation characteristics for hematite concrete, which is the type used as sacrificial material in the EPR reactor pit.…”

Section: Dry Cavity Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from the metal tests conducted within the U.S., the BETA test series [10] at KIT provided early valuable data on multi-dimensional core-concrete interaction using metallic melt. A total of 19 experiments were conducted in the series; most tests (i.e., 16) utilized siliceous concrete, although three experiments utilized limestone/common sand concrete.…”

Section: Dry Cavity Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

OECD MCCI Project: Category 3 Tests to Generate 2-D Core-Concrete Interaction Data (Final Report, Rev. 1)

Farmer

Aeschlimann

Kilsdonk

et al. 2010

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BETA experiments in verification of the Wechsl code: experimental results on the melt-concrete interaction

Cited by 30 publications

References 2 publications

The COMET-L3 experiment on long-term melt–concrete interaction and cooling by surface flooding

The COMET-L3 experiment on long-term melt–concrete interaction and cooling by surface flooding

OECD MCCI-2 Project. Final Report

OECD MCCI Project: Category 3 Tests to Generate 2-D Core-Concrete Interaction Data (Final Report, Rev. 1)

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