Beta-carotene, telomerase activity and Alzheimer’s disease in old age subjects

Boccardi, Virginia; Arosio, Beatrice; Cari, Luigi; Bastiani, Patrizia; Scamosci, Michela; Casati, Martina; Ferri, Evelyn; Bertagnoli, Laura; Ciccone, Simona; Rossi, Paolo; Nocentini, Giuseppe; Mecocci, Patrizia

doi:10.1007/s00394-019-01892-y

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…LTL's association with dementia, and more specifically with AD risk, is inconsistent. Case-control and meta-analytic evidence based on case-control studies demonstrate short LTL in individuals diagnosed with AD [15][16][17][18][19], while other similar studies found no associations [20][21][22][23]. Furthermore, cross-sectional case-control study designs cannot estimate the potential role of LTL as a predictive AD risk marker if pre-diagnosis measurements aren't available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Short leukocyte telomeres predict 25-year Alzheimer’s disease incidence in non-APOE ε4-carriers

Hackenhaar

Josefsson

Adolfsson

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) has been shown to predict Alzheimer's disease (AD), albeit inconsistently. Failing to account for the competing risks between AD, other dementia types, and mortality, can be an explanation for the inconsistent findings in previous time-to-event analyses. Furthermore, previous studies indicate that the association between LTL and AD is non-linear and may differ depending on apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) ε4 allele carriage, the strongest genetic AD predictor. Methods: We analysed whether baseline LTL in interaction with APOE ε4 predicts AD, by following 1306 initially non-demented subjects for 25 years. Gender- and age-residualized LTL (rLTL) was categorized into tertiles of short, medium, and long rLTLs. Two complementary time-to-event models that account for competing risks were used; the Fine-Gray model to estimate the association between the rLTL tertiles and the cumulative incidence of AD, and the cause-specific hazard model to assess the cause-specific risk of AD between rLTL groups. Vascular dementia and death were considered competing risk events. Models were adjusted for baseline lifestyle-related risk factors, gender, age, and non-proportional hazards. Results: After follow-up, 149 were diagnosed with AD, 96 were diagnosed with vascular dementia, 465 died without dementia, and 596 remained healthy. Baseline rLTL and other covariates were assessed on average 8 years before AD onset (range 1-24). APOE ε4-carriers had significantly increased incidence of AD, as well as increased cause-specific AD risk. A significant rLTL- APOE interaction indicated that short rLTL at baseline was significantly associated with an increased incidence of AD among non- APOE ε4-carriers (subdistribution hazard ratio = 3.24, CI 1.404–7.462, P = 0.005), as well as borderline associated with increased cause-specific risk of AD (cause-specific hazard ratio = 1.67, CI 0.947–2.964, P = 0.07). Among APOE ε4-carriers, short or long rLTLs were not significantly associated with AD incidence, nor with the cause-specific risk of AD. Conclusions: Our findings from two complementary competing risk time-to-event models indicate that short rLTL may be a valuable predictor of the AD incidence in non- APOE ε4-carriers, on average 8 years before AD onset. More generally, the findings highlight the importance of accounting for competing risks, as well as the APOE status of participants in AD biomarker research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Short leukocyte telomeres predict 25-year Alzheimer’s disease incidence in non-APOE ε4-carriers

Hackenhaar

Josefsson

Adolfsson

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Reports have suggested the association of cellular ageing with low β-Carotene levels in plasma. A study conducted on 68 old-age subjects showed that β-carotene might modulate telomerase activity in older adults [ 163 ]. On the other hand, there are well-known ill effects of supplementary beta carotene for smokers, leading to the progression of lung cancer.…”

Section: Plant-based Metabolites With Anti-ageing and Medicinal Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Fortification of the Diet for Anti-Ageing Effects: A Review

et al. 2020

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Ageing is an enigmatic and progressive biological process which undermines the normal functions of living organisms with time. Ageing has been conspicuously linked to dietary habits, whereby dietary restrictions and antioxidants play a substantial role in slowing the ageing process. Oxygen is an essential molecule that sustains human life on earth and is involved in the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that pose certain health complications. The ROS are believed to be a significant factor in the progression of ageing. A robust lifestyle and healthy food, containing dietary antioxidants, are essential for improving the overall livelihood and decelerating the ageing process. Dietary antioxidants such as adaptogens, anthocyanins, vitamins A/D/C/E and isoflavones slow the ageing phenomena by reducing ROS production in the cells, thereby improving the life span of living organisms. This review highlights the manifestations of ageing, theories associated with ageing and the importance of diet management in ageing. It also discusses the available functional foods as well as nutraceuticals with anti-ageing potential.

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“…It not only quenches singlet oxygen but also inhibits lipid peroxidation [5]. β-Carotene reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease [6], has a protective effect against cardiovascular diseases [7] and type 2 diabetes [8] and decreases the incidence of blindness [9]. It is also believed to prevent cancer [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of Encapsulated β-Carotene Degradation in Dried Systems: A Review

Lavelli

Sereikaitė

2022

Foods

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β-Carotene serves as a precursor of vitamin A and provides relevant health benefits. To overcome the low bioavailability of β-carotene from natural sources, technologies have been designed for its encapsulation in micro- and nano-structures followed by freeze-drying, spray-drying, supercritical fluid-enhanced dispersion and electrospraying. A technological challenge is also to increase β-carotene stability, since due to its multiple conjugated double bonds, it is particularly prone to oxidation. This review analyzes the stability of β-carotene encapsulated in different dried micro- and nano-structures by comparing rate constants and activation energies of degradation. The complex effect of water activity and glass transition temperature on degradation kinetics is also addressed, since the oxidation process is remarkably dependent on the glassy or collapsed state of the matrix. The approaches to improve β-carotene stability, such as the development of inclusion complexes, the improvement of the performance of the interface between air and oil phase in which β-carotene was dissolved by application of biopolymer combinations or functionalization of natural biopolymers, the addition of hydrophilic small molecular weight molecules that reduce air entrapped in the powder and the co-encapsulation of antioxidants of various polarities are discussed and compared, in order to provide a rational basis for further development of the encapsulation technologies.

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Beta-carotene, telomerase activity and Alzheimer’s disease in old age subjects

Cited by 41 publications

References 50 publications

Short leukocyte telomeres predict 25-year Alzheimer’s disease incidence in non-APOE ε4-carriers

Short leukocyte telomeres predict 25-year Alzheimer’s disease incidence in non-APOE ε4-carriers

Plant Fortification of the Diet for Anti-Ageing Effects: A Review

Kinetic Study of Encapsulated β-Carotene Degradation in Dried Systems: A Review

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