Best of 2022 in prostate cancer and prostatic diseases

Nunzio, Cosimo De; Lombardo, Riccardo

doi:10.1038/s41391-023-00652-8

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men and ranks fifth among cancer-related mortality in men worldwide [ 1 , 2 ]. The incidence of PCa varies geographically and is more prevalent in developed countries, especially in North America, Europe, and Oceania.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GLIS1, Correlated with Immune Infiltrates, Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Prostate Cancer

Peng,

Xie,

Wang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignant disease and the primary reason for cancer-related mortality among men globally. GLIS1 (GLIS family zinc finger 1) is a key regulator in various pathologies. However, the expression pattern, clinical relevance, and immunomodulatory function of GLIS1 in PCa remain unclear. In this study, GLIS1 was discovered to serve as a key gene in PCa by integrating mRNA and miRNA expression profiles from GEO database. We systematically explored the expression and prognostic values of GLIS1 in cancers using multiple databases. Additionally, we examined the functions of GLIS1 and the relationship between GLIS1 expression levels and immune infiltration in PCa. Results showed that GLIS1 was differentially expressed between normal and tumor tissues in various cancer types and was significantly low-expressed in PCa. Low GLIS1 expression was associated with poor PCa prognosis. GLIS1 was also involved in the activation, proliferation, differentiation, and migration of immune cells, and its expression showed a positive correlation with the infiltration of various immune cells. Moreover, GLIS1 expression was positively associated with various chemokines/chemokine receptors, indicating the involvement in regulating immune cell migration. In summary, GLIS1 is a potential prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target to modulate anti-tumor immune response in PCa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GLIS1, Correlated with Immune Infiltrates, Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Prostate Cancer

Peng,

Xie,

Wang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed tumor among men in Western countries [ 1 ]. Despite its high incidence, prostate tumors grow slowly and remain confined to the gland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Castration promotes the browning of the prostate tumor microenvironment

Alvarez-Artime,

Garcia-Soler,

Gonzalez-Menendez

et al. 2023

Cell Commun Signal

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Background Adipose tissue has gained attention due to its potential paracrine role. Periprostatic adipose tissue surrounds the prostate and the prostatic urethra, and it is an essential player in prostate cancer progression. Since obesity is directly related to human tumor progression, and adipose tissue depots are one of the significant components of the tumor microenvironment, the molecular mediators of the communication between adipocytes and epithelial cells are in the spotlight. Although periprostatic white adipose tissue contributes to prostate cancer progression, brown adipose tissue (BAT), which has beneficial effects in metabolic pathologies, has been scarcely investigated concerning cancer progression. Given that adipose tissue is a target of androgen signaling, the actual role of androgen removal on the periprostatic adipose tissue was the aim of this work. Methods Surgical castration of the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) was employed. By histology examination and software analysis, WAT and BAT tissue was quantified. 3T3-like adipocytes were used to study the role of Casodex® in modifying adipocyte differentiation and to investigate the function of the secretome of adipocytes on the proliferation of androgen-dependent and independent prostate cancer cells. Finally, the role of cell communication was assayed by TRAMP-C1 xenograft implanted in the presence of 3T3-like adipocytes. Results Androgen removal increases brown/beige adipose tissue in the fat immediately surrounding the prostate glands of TRAMP mice, concomitant with an adjustment of the metabolism. Castration increases body temperature, respiratory exchange rate, and energy expenditure. Also, in vitro, it is described that blocking androgen signaling by Casodex® increases the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) marker in 3T3-like adipocytes. Finally, the effect of brown/beige adipocyte secretome was studied on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. The secretome of brown/beige adipocytes reduces the proliferation of prostate cancer cells mediated partly by the secretion of extracellular vesicles. Conclusions Consequently, we concluded that hampering androgen signaling plays a crucial role in the browning of the periprostatic adipose tissue. Also, the presence of brown adipocytes exhibits the opposite effect to that of white adipocytes in vitro regulating processes that govern the mechanisms of cell proliferation of prostate cancer cells. And finally, promoting the browning of adipose tissue in the periprostatic adipose tissue might be a way to handle prostate cancer cell progression.

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