“…3 show how beryllium forms clusters in the presence of carboxylate, carbonate, hydroxo, oxo, alkoxide, and phenoxide ligands. 16,18,19 These chemical functionalities can be thought of as mimics for the amino acid residues aspartic and glutamic acid, tyrosine, serine, and threonine that are all present in the binding groove of HLA-DP. There are three possible scenarios for binding beryllium in the HLA-DP molecule: (1) beryllium serves alone as the antigen, and is a predominantly inorganic species, (2) beryllium is bound to a peptide fragment resulting from a previous beryllium-protein interaction, and (3) beryllium is not part of the antigen, but binds adjacent to the binding groove, changing its shape, and allowing the antigenic peptide to bind.…”