Berufe und Arbeitsmarkt

Abraham, Martín; Damelang, Andreas; Haupt, Andreas

doi:10.1007/978-3-658-02256-3_7

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The prerequisite for a successful division of labor is an efficient coordination of activities and jobs that meet the typical demand for skills within a society. Occupation-specific jobs enable organizations to do this by bundling tasks and jobs efficiently and meaningfully at a higher level of aggregation (Abraham et al 2018). Thus, the requirements for performing tasks successfully and without large training costs can be very occupation-specific (Gibbons and Waldman 2004).…”

Section: Occupations Tasks and Jobsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupations and Inequality: Theoretical Perspectives and Mechanisms

Haupt

Ebner

2020

Köln Z Soziol

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People’s occupations are strongly related to multiple dimensions of inequality, such as inequalities in wages, health, autonomy, or risk of temporary employment. The theories and mechanisms linking occupations to these inequalities are subject to debate. We review the recent evidence on the relationship between occupations and inequality and discuss the following four overarching theoretical perspectives: occupations and skills, occupations and tasks, occupations and institutions, and occupations and culture. We show that each perspective has strong implications for how scholars conceptualize occupations and which occupational characteristics are seen as relevant when explaining inequalities. Building on this, we review and critically examine the relevant theories related to and the mechanisms of the relationship between occupation and wage inequality, as an example. We conclude that there is sound empirical knowledge available on the relationships between occupations and inequality; however, some of the mechanisms are still unclear.

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Section: Occupations Tasks and Jobsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupations and Inequality: Theoretical Perspectives and Mechanisms

Haupt

Ebner

2020

Köln Z Soziol

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“…Abowd et al, 2012; Bol and van de Werfhorst, 2010; Haupt, 2012; Kleiner and Krueger, 2013; van de Werfhorst, 2011; Weeden, 2002; Weeden and Grusky, 2014). The concept of social closure in the labour market is based on the assumption that access to certain jobs is restricted, which reduces competition among employees with educational certificates as they serve as institutionalized barriers (Abraham et al, in press). According to most of these studies, closure is associated with higher wages than one would expect in a completely competitive market (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic consequences of occupational deregulation

2017

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This paper provides new evidence of occupational closure and rent-sharing in the labour market. In many labour market segments, occupational closure refers only to self-employed positions, but not to employees within these occupations. We study the relation of changes in entry regulation for firms and the corresponding economic consequences for employees within these firms. Based on bargaining theory, we argue that economic rents are shared with employees. In order to identify this 'indirect' channel of occupational closure, this paper uses a major reform in the German craft sector in 2004. This reform relaxes entry regulation into self-employment in more than half of the craft occupations. By using rich administrative data in a fixed-effects framework, we compare wages of employees in both markets pre-and postreform. We find that employees in the reformed market are negatively affected after the reform. This proves the existence of former wage rents due to rent-sharing in closed market segments. This average wage effect, however, is not constant for all employees. If employees can make a credible threat to the employer to take advantage of deregulation and set up their own business, they can counteract the negative wage effects of the reform. As a consequence, our empirical results show that wages of young and skilled employees are less affected by the reform.

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“…Standardization triggers the diffuse-demand mechanism because the signaling value of employees' standardized qualifications is independent of the firms and schools, which initially trained them. Hence, standardized qualifications increase the employees' mobility (Abraham et al 2018). Employers become substitutable (Beck et al 1980, p. 79) and employees more mobile between employers within their occupation.…”

Section: Occupational Closurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degree of standardization of employees' credentials varies and provides employers with different signals of quality (Stuth 2017;Abraham et al 2018). Employers should be willing to pay more for employees with credentials that are highly standardized and thereby signaling an unambiguous level of quality and productivity.…”

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 ff). Especially in Germany, employers rely on occupations that signal proficiency in occupation-specific tasks to reduce transaction costs (Kerr 1954, Beck et al 1980Abraham et al 2018). While these occupation-based signals may reduce search costs for employers (Spence 1973), they might also fuel competition between employers who are looking for employees with similar occupation-specific qualifications (Van Maanen and Barley 1984;Tolbert 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational Closure and Wage Inequality: How Occupational Closure Effects Vary Between Workers

2020

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Berufe und Arbeitsmarkt

Cited by 9 publications

References 84 publications

Occupations and Inequality: Theoretical Perspectives and Mechanisms

Occupations and Inequality: Theoretical Perspectives and Mechanisms

Economic consequences of occupational deregulation

Occupational Closure and Wage Inequality: How Occupational Closure Effects Vary Between Workers

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