Berry anthocyanins suppress the expression and secretion of proinflammatory mediators in macrophages by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-κB independent of NRF2-mediated mechanism

Astaxanthin prevents TGFβ1-induced pro-fibrogenic gene expression by inhibiting Smad3 activation in hepatic stellate cells

“…Cellular ROS levels were measured in LX-2 cells as previously described [30]. Briefly, LX-2 cells were plated in a black 24-well plate (Wallac Oy, Turku, Finland).…”

Dietary Consumption of Black Raspberries or Their Anthocyanin Constituents Alters Innate Immune Cell Trafficking in Esophageal Cancer

“…Specifically, biomarkers typically dysregulated in human esophageal SCC (40), including NF-kB, COX-2, and iNOS (41)(42)(43), are reduced in expression by BRBs, ACs, or PCA diets in the rat model of esophageal tumorigenesis (13). As expression of these inflammatory markers has been linked to the activity and trafficking of specific innate immune cells (19,44), we undertook a study to investigate whether BRBs, ACs, and PCA alter immune cell accumulation in the esophagus. Through quantification of cytokines at weeks 15, 25, and 35 in the plasma, and at week 35 in the esophagus, we identified groups of cytokines that were associated with specific innate immune cells.…”

“…These changes are also correlated with reduction in tumor burden in the esophagus (13), indicating another protective effect BRBs, ACs, and PCA have on NMBA-induced esophageal SCC. We attribute the changes in cytokine and immune cells to a number of factors, including downregulation of immune cell-associated inflammatory biomarkers, such as COX-2 and NF-kB (19,41,43,44); upregulation of inhibitory cytokines, such as PTX3 (13,17); and the general anti-inflammatory effects of BRBs and their constituents (6,23). As BRBs have been effective at reducing inflammation in other rodent cancer models, such as the colon (50), more studies are needed to investigate whether BRBs and their constituents alter immune cell trafficking in other types of cancer.…”

“…We reported that dietary intake of BRBs, BRB ACs, or PCA increases PTX3 expression in NMBA-treated rat esophagi, suggesting that whole berries and their constituents may reduce neutrophil trafficking within the esophagus. In addition, cytokines IL1b and IL6, associated with the proinflammatory macrophage subtype M1 (18)(19)(20), are overexpressed in human esophageal SCC and are associated with a poor prognosis (21,22). BRBs may be protective here through reduction of inflammation in humans by inhibiting IL1b expression (23).…”

Plant polyphenolic extracts as potential anti-human hepatocarcinoma agents

“…Many biological activities as antioxidants (Kim, Quon, & Kim, 2014), antiinflammatories (Lee et al, 2014), antimicrobials (Daglia, 2012), neuroprotectives (Oboh, Agunloye, Akinyemi, Ademiluyi, & Adefegha, 2012) and anticarcinogenic (Yang et al, 2001) were widely described for polyphenols. Furthermore, several epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between regular fruit and vegetables consumption and a lower incidence of certain chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease or cancer (Ortega, 2006;Jin, Zheng, & Li, 2008).…”