Bernard Arief Sidharta: Dari Pengembanan Hukum Teoretis ke Pembentukan Ilmu Hukum Nasional Indonesia

Abstract

Bernard Arief Sidharta has made a significant contribution to Indonesia in the development of the legal discipline. He took the lead in introducing the state-of-the art legal discipline, particularly within his translation of legal textbooks in Dutch. He is also a figure of Indonesian legal theorists and legal philosophers offering interesting ideas, which in this paper, his commentaries will be confined to three areas: the foundation for the theoretical legal functioning, legal reasoning, and the Indonesian national legal science. Arief conducted a very comprehensive study of the first two areas, which later became the basis for national legal science. The national legal science should be based on the legal idea of Pancasila, a view that was heavily influenced by the thoughts of Soediman Kartohadiprodjo and then Mochtar Kusuma-Atmadja. This legal idea is as an immanent value which becomes the base value for describing the source of Indonesia's material law, and as a transcendent value that directs where the Indonesian national legal system will proceed. Regrettably, Arief has not finished talking about the elaboration of the legal idea of Pancasila so that it can substantially and practically give a distinctive color to the national legal science that he aspires to.
 Abstrak
 Bernard Arief Sidharta memiliki kontribusi penting bagi Indonesia dalam pengembangan disiplin hukum. Ia adalah orang pertama yang memperkenalkan bangunan disiplin hukum dalam wacana kekinian, khususnya melalui karya terjemahannya atas buku-buku teks hukum berbahasa Belanda. Ia juga adalah sosok teoretisi hukum dan filsuf hukum Indonesia yang menawarkan pemikiran menarik, yang di dalam tulisan ini, akan dibatasi ulasannya pada tiga area. Bidang-bidang itu adalah tentang landasan pengembanan hukum teoretis, penalaran hukum, dan ilmu hukum nasional Indonesia. Arief melakukan kajian yang sangat komprehensif terhadap dua area yang pertama, untuk kemudian menjadikannya sebagai dasar-dasar bagi ilmu hukum nasional Indonesia. Ilmu hukum nasional tersebut harus berintikan cita hukum Pancasila, suatu pandangan yang banyak dipengaruhi pertama-tama oleh pemikiran Soediman Kartohadiprodjo dan kemudian oleh Mochtar Kusuma-Atmadja. Cita hukum ini berfungsi baik sebagai nilai imanen yang menjadi nilai-dasar untuk mendeskripsikan sumber hukum material Indonesia, maupun sebagai nilai transenden yang mengarahkan ke mana tata hukum nasional Indonesia itu akan berproses. Sangat disayangkan, Arief belum tuntas berbicara tentang penjabaran cita hukum Pancasila itu agar secara substansial dan implementatif dapat memberi warna yang khas bagi ilmu hukum nasional Indonesia yang dicita-citakannya.

Tindak Pidana Gratifikasi Di Indonesia Ditinjau Dari Aspek Budaya Hukum

“…Mengenai sistem hukum (legal system). 17 Friedman menyatakan bahwa sistem hukum terdiri dari tiga elemen, yaitu elemen struktur hukum (legal structure), substansi hukum (legal substance), dan budaya hukum (legal culture). 18 Struktur hukum adalah pola yang memperlihatkan tentang bagaimana hukum itu dijalankan menurut ketentuan-ketentuan formalnya, yaitu memperlihatkan bagaimana proses hukum itu berjalan oleh aparat penegak hukum; Substansi hukum adalah peraturan-peraturan yang dipakai oleh para pelaku hukum pada waktu melakukan perbuatan-perbuatan dan hubungan-hubungan hukum; sedangkan kultur hukum adalah tuntutan atau permintaan yang menghendaki penyelesaian masalah-masalah hukum melalui institusi hukum.…”

Legal Politics to Build a State of Happiness: An Idea in a State Based on the 1945 Constitution

“…Following what was said by Kusumaatmadja (2004) further, because both change and order (or order) are twin goals of a developing society, the law becomes a tool that cannot be ignored in the development process. Sidharta (2016) then says that in the direction sought is the settlement within the framework of the applicable legal order, which is systemically structured to a certain degree, which guarantees stability and predictability, to realize certainty and fairness in society. Lee (2017) also said that the law is a "body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority and having binding legal force or a specific direction or a set of rules binding on society members.…”

Justice as the Aim of/for Formation of Labor Law in Indonesia (A Review of Philosophy of Law)

“…The study of the meaning of reasoning in this dimension is an application of logic and/or abstract thinking patterns in solving problems or planning measures. Intuitionis [24] of the formation of positive law in the field of manpower should indeed be (law as such) made with regard to the aspect of certainty (rationalism) and the aspect of expediency (empiricism) concerning what is required for the making of the law for the parties involved, for example: a foundation for the formation of the Minister Regulation No. 19 of 2012 on Outsourcing (as formulated in the problem) whether it has the strength of the value of the positive law.…”

“…The ability to know several things without the direct help of sensory or direct experience makes aspects of justice more difficult to be interpreted in this axiological dimension. Shidarta [30] explains that the Axiological dimension is very open to chances of disagreement, because it is the order of the dimension that the purpose of the establishment of positive law should have generality in a certain study concerning value aspects that are in accordance with the purpose of that law. It would be an axiom if human action was a function of his interest, which is motivated by the motivation (will) to answer the question of whether or not there is freedom in human will.…”

“…The object of the study of Jurisprudence is the valid law system, namely the conceptual system of legal rules and decisions from which the substantive parts are made positive by bearers of valid legal authority in the community or country that has implemented Jurisprudence. The implementation of Jurisprudence is focused on attempts to answer legal questions in order to find and offer an alternative to judicial settlements of certain social problems by pointing to and within a framework of valid positive law (macro and micro) [24].…”