Bermudagrass and Stargrass

Taliaferro, C. M.; Rouquette, F. M.; Mislevy, P.

doi:10.2134/agronmonogr45.c12

Cited by 60 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…Studies have determined that the selection of N source and application levels vary depending on soil type, production system (grazing vs. haying), and environmental factors (Talliaferro et al, 2004). In a study performed on loamy fine sand and fine sandy loam soils with pH of ~ 5.0 to 5.1, Silveira et al (2007) reported that Tifton 85 responses were affected by N fertilizer sources.…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth, Herbage Accumulation, and Nutritive Value of ‘Tifton 85’ Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies

et al. 2017

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Nitrogen fertilization affects ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) herbage accumulation (HA) and nutritive value; however, forage response may be affected by N fertilizer source, application levels, and environmental conditions. This 2‐yr study evaluated the effect of different N fertilization strategies on Tifton 85 bermudagrass responses in a tropical soil from southeast Brazil. Treatments were two N sources (ammonium nitrate [AN] and urea) applied at 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg N ha−1 harvest−1. Fertilizer sources were enriched with 15N to quantify the recovery of fertilizer‐derived N. Forage was harvested at 30‐d intervals to evaluate HA and shoot N concentration. Leaf area index (LAI), intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PARi), and chlorophyll index were measured 1 d before harvest. Ammonium nitrate and urea resulted in similar Tifton 85 HA. Maximum Tifton 85 HA (4.6 Mg ha−1) was reached at the fertilization level of 210 kg N ha−1 harvest−1 while critical shoot N concentration, herein defined at 90% relative production, was 23.7 g kg−1. Similarly, critical PARi and LAI were 71% and 4.7 m2 m−2, respectively. Nitrogen recovery in the plant and soil was greater for urea (52%) than AN (41%). Despite the relatively greater shoot N accumulation, N recovery decreased as N levels increased. Nitrogen application level should be adjusted to optimize HA, nutritive value, and N recovery.

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Growth, Herbage Accumulation, and Nutritive Value of ‘Tifton 85’ Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies

et al. 2017

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“…If rhizomes were compressed as is commonly done by commercial sprig sellers that value could go to 8 kg per bushel. Taliaferro et al (2004) indicated that the amount of rhizomes in a given volume varies with degree of compaction and physical characteristics. In fact, when only the material was used, without sand, the weight of one bushel was considerably lower (data not shown).…”

Section: Weight Of Planting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following these recommendations on deep, sandy soils, which is where most hybrid bermudagrasses are used in Florida, can result in establishment failure (Newman et al, 2011). Information on appropriate planting rates under these conditions is needed.Additionally, one problem using dormant rhizomes is that half or more of them may be dead when planted and live ones may not have enough carbohydrate reserves to establish a live plant (Burton, 2011). Taliaferro et al (2004 reported that planting rate can range up to 5.2 m 3 ha -1 and Mueller et al (1993) indicated that bermudagrass is usually planted at rates of 4.5 to 5.3 m 3 ha -1 .…”

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“…Additionally, one problem using dormant rhizomes is that half or more of them may be dead when planted and live ones may not have enough carbohydrate reserves to establish a live plant (Burton, 2011). Taliaferro et al (2004) reported that planting rate can range up to 5.2 m 3 ha -1 and Mueller et al (1993) indicated that bermudagrass is usually planted at rates of 4.5 to 5.3 m 3 ha -1 .…”

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Planting Rate and Depth Effects on Tifton 85 Bermudagrass Establishment using Rhizomes

et al. 2015

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H ybrid bermudagrasses are highly productive warm-season perennials, and Tifton 85, although considered an elite cultivar, requires vegetative propagation using either stolons or rhizomes (Burton et al., 1993;Hanna and Anderson, 2008). Planting rate of rhizomes is an important factor for successful establishment. Greater planting rates typically result in faster establishment (Stichler and Bade, 2003) and planting rate is often positively related to forage yield in the first year. Recommended rhizome planting rates range from 1.7 to 3.5 m 3 ha -1 , but these rates were determined on sandy-clay loam soils with good moisture and nutrient retention (Evers et al., 2002;Cosgrove and Collins, 2003). Following these recommendations on deep, sandy soils, which is where most hybrid bermudagrasses are used in Florida, can result in establishment failure (Newman et al., 2011). Information on appropriate planting rates under these conditions is needed.Additionally, one problem using dormant rhizomes is that half or more of them may be dead when planted and live ones may not have enough carbohydrate reserves to establish a live plant (Burton, 2011). Taliaferro et al. (2004 reported that planting rate can range up to 5.2 m 3 ha -1 and Mueller et al. (1993) indicated that bermudagrass is usually planted at rates of 4.5 to 5.3 m 3 ha -1 . ABSTRACTAs with stolons, planting rate of rhizomes is important for successful establishment of cultivar Tifton 85 bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.). Planting depth is another aspect to be considered when establishing rhizomes in soils with low moisture retention. Shallow planting can increase sprouting and emergence; but if rhizomes are placed too shallow they may dry out without irrigation. The overall objective was to evaluate the effect of rhizome planting rate and depth on establishment success. Treatments were the factorial combinations of three planting rates (Low-2.6 m 3 ha -1 , Medium-5.2 m 3 ha -1 , and High-10.4 m 3 ha -1 ) and two planting depths (6 and 12 cm). High planting rate increased Tifton 85 frequency, ground cover, and herbage dry matter (DM), independent of planting depth. In both years, the High rate resulted in 100% grass frequency and ground cover before 120 d after planting. Also, this treatment produced more than 2300 kg DM ha -1 in the establishment year, and this was greater than the Medium and Low rates (1230 and 900 kg ha -1 , respectively) when planted at 6 cm, or than the Low rate planted at 12 cm (1430 kg ha -1 ). When using Low or Medium rates, planting at a 12-cm depth, improved overall performance compared with 6 cm. Medium rhizome planting rate of ~5 m 3 ha -1 at a 12-cm depth provided satisfactory ground cover and herbage DM at lower cost than High and thus is recommended for the sandy soils in the Suwanee River basin.

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“…For instance, in an area often referred to as the “Fescue Belt” that lies east of the Great Plains and extends from the southern edge of glaciation to the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, a cool‐season, introduced perennial grass, tall fescue ( Schedonorus arundinaceus ), is grown on approximately 14 million ha, primarily for cattle ( Bos taurus ) forage (Kallenbach et al ). Similarly, to the south of the Fescue Belt, is another large region, corresponding to the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, but also extending into the southern Great Plains where a warm‐season, introduced perennial grass, bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon ), is grown as the primary forage on approximately 12 million ha (Taliaferro et al ). The former tall‐grass prairie, which once covered >55 million ha of what is now the USA has been almost completely eliminated through conversion to row crop production or introduced grasses (Samson and Knopf ).…”

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Eastern grasslands: Conservation challenges and opportunities on private lands

et al. 2019

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Grasslands were once common in the eastern United States and provided habitat for numerous grassland-dependent wildlife. However, native grasslands in this region have largely been eliminated as a result of conversion to other land uses (e.g., urban development, row-crops), altered disturbance regimes (e.g., lack of fire and grazing), or conversion to introduced grasses for livestock production. Consequently, many wildlife species adapted to these environments have experienced protracted population declines, notably, northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), and other grassland-dependent bird species. Restoration of native grasslands with appropriate native plant species composition, structure, and disturbance regimes will be key to restoring at-risk wildlife. Indeed, the region still includes >20 million ha of grasslands, but these are dominated by introduced grass species and focused on cattle (Bos taurus) production. Any successful restoration strategy must engage the agricultural community, provide profitable forage production, and benefit habitat for wildlife. Furthermore, grassland ecosystems in humid regions (i.e., >95 cm annual rainfall) require frequent disturbance to prevent succession to forested conditions. Historically, these native grasslands were maintained by fire, herbivory, and their interaction. Consequently, wildlife communities in humid, native grasslands are adapted to those same disturbances and the conditions they create. Improving species composition by replacing introduced, sod-forming grass species commonly used in production agriculture (e.g., tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus] and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon]) with native grasses can be beneficial but must be accompanied by appropriate disturbance to achieve and maintain improved habitat. Therefore, developing a business case for producers to incorporate native grasses into regional agro-grasslands that include disturbance through grazing may foster large-scale improvements in habitat quality. Although Farm Bill conservation practices can make important contributions to conservation of eastern grassland-dependent wildlife, such programs are dependent on uncertain and limited federal budgets and, to provide appropriate disturbance, require management intervention at a net cost to landowners and Farm Bill programs. Thus, there exists an opportunity to improve habitat at a scale that has the potential to sustain viable populations of grassland-dependent wildlife. Therefore, we discuss the potential of a new conservation paradigm, one based on grazing systems that utilize native grasses, for filling that conservation gap.

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Bermudagrass and Stargrass

Cited by 60 publications

References 151 publications

Growth, Herbage Accumulation, and Nutritive Value of ‘Tifton 85’ Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies

Growth, Herbage Accumulation, and Nutritive Value of ‘Tifton 85’ Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies

Planting Rate and Depth Effects on Tifton 85 Bermudagrass Establishment using Rhizomes

Eastern grasslands: Conservation challenges and opportunities on private lands

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