Bermuda solution pipe soils: A geochemical evaluation of eolian parent materials

Herwitz, Stanley R.; Muhs, Daniel R.

doi:10.1130/0-8137-2300-0.311

Cited by 19 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…5-12 of Meischner et al (1995). Soil pipes (solution channels filled with red clay) are found in the Belmont Formation at this locality (Herwitz and Muhs, 1995). The stratigraphic significance of the soil pipes is that, although truncated, they mark a period of subaerial exposure that occurred after regression of the high stand of sea represented by the Belmont Formation and before deposition of the Devonshire marine member.…”

Section: Bermudamentioning

confidence: 83%

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Timing and warmth of the Last Interglacial period: new U-series evidence from Hawaii and Bermuda and a new fossil compilation for North America

Muhs

Simmons

Steinke

2002

Quaternary Science Reviews

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186

201

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The timing and duration of the Last Interglacial period have been controversial, with some studies suggesting a relatively short duration that is orbitally forced and others suggesting a long duration that is at most only partly related to orbital forcing. New, high-precison thermal ionization mass spectrometric (TIMS) U-series ages of Last Interglacial corals from Hawaii and Bermuda test these competing hypotheses. Waimanalo Formation corals from slowly uplifting Oahu, Hawaii range in age from B134 to B113 ka, with most ages between B125 and B115 ka. Combined with published U-series ages from nearby Lanai, the data suggest a long Last Interglacial period that may have occurred from B136 to at least 115 ka. The results indicate that orbital forcing may not have been the only control on ice sheet growth and decay, because sea level would have been high at times of relatively low Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. On tectonically stable Bermuda, deposits from the B200 ka (penultimate interglacial period), B120 ka (peak Last Interglacial period) and B80 ka (late Last Interglacial period) high sea stands have been newly dated. Fossil corals on Bermuda are derived from patch reefs that likely were ''catch-up'' responses to sea level rise. It is expected that U-series ages of Last-Interglacial corals on Bermuda should overlap with, but not be as old as the range of corals on Oahu. Last-Interglacial corals on Bermuda give a range of B125-113 ka, which supports this hypothesis.A large number of emergent marine deposits on Hawaii, Bermuda and along coastal North America have now been dated to the Last Interglacial period. Both Oahu and Bermuda have marine invertebrate faunas with a number of extralimital southern species of mollusks, suggesting warmer-than-present waters during the Last Interglacial period. Warmer waters are also suggested for LastInterglacial localities around most of North America, from Florida to Canada and Greenland and Baja California to Alaska. These observations are consistent with similar warm-water faunas of Last-Interglacial age reported from Japan, the Mediterranean basin and Western Australia. It is likely that significant changes in ocean currents took place during the Last Interglacial period, with a movement of relatively warm waters to higher latitudes than is the case today. r

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Section: Bermudamentioning

confidence: 83%

“…4 for localities. Stratigraphy at Whalebone Bay and Grape Bay from Herwitz and Muhs (1995); stratigraphy at Fort St. Catherine from this study.…”

Section: Bermudamentioning

confidence: 88%

Timing and warmth of the Last Interglacial period: new U-series evidence from Hawaii and Bermuda and a new fossil compilation for North America

Muhs

Simmons

Steinke

2002

Quaternary Science Reviews

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186

201

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“…In the Jamaican soils estimated to be of middle-to-late Quaternary age (WR-A,B, RN-1 (Muhs, 2001). The older soils on Jamaica (OR-4A and OR-4B) have SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 values similar to those of soils on relatively pure Quaternary carbonate eolianites on the Bahamas (Foos, 1991) and Bermuda (Herwitz and Muhs, 1995).…”

Section: Major Element Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 94%

Geochemical evidence for African dust and volcanic ash inputs to terra rossa soils on carbonate reef terraces, northern Jamaica, West Indies

Muhs

Budahn

2009

Quaternary International

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The origin of red or reddish-brown, clay-rich, ''terra rossa'' soils on limestone has been debated for decades. A traditional qualitative explanation for their formation has been the accumulation of insoluble residues as the limestone is progressively dissolved over time. However, this mode of formation often requires unrealistic or impossible amounts of carbonate dissolution. Therefore, where this mechanism is not viable and where local fluvial or colluvial inputs can be ruled out, an external source or sources must be involved in soil formation. On the north coast of the Caribbean island of Jamaica, we studied a sequence of terra rossa soils developed on emergent limestones thought to be of Quaternary age. The soils become progressively thicker, redder, more Fe-and Al-rich and Si-poor with elevation. Furthermore, although kaolinite is found in all the soils, the highest and oldest soils also contain boehmite. Major and trace element geochemistry shows that the host limestones and local igneous rocks are not likely source materials for the soils. Other trace elements, including the rare earth elements (REE), show that tephra from Central American volcanoes is not a likely source either. However, trace element geochemistry shows that airborne dust from Africa plus tephra from the Lesser Antilles island arc are possible source materials for the clay-rich soils. A third, as yet unidentified, source may also contribute to the soils. We hypothesize that older, more chemically mature Jamaican bauxites may have had a similar origin. The results add to the growing body of evidence of the importance of multiple parent materials, including far-traveled dust, to soil genesis. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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“…The wide set of vertical cone-shaped pipes found in these coastal areas can be defi ned as dissolution pipes (Lundberg and Taggart, 1995). These have been reported from many areas in the world and in different climatic and geomorphological settings: continental peri-glacial areas in Poland (Harasimiuk et al, 1975;Morawiecka and Walsh, 1997;Walsh and Morawiecka-Zacharz, 2001), temperate cold areas on the Belgian-Dutch border (Willems et al, 2007), arid continental areas such as Morocco (Castellani and Dragoni, 1983), coastal areas in temperate climate such as in England (Falcon, 1929;West, 1973;Ford, 1984;Morawiecka, 1993) but essentially from coastal areas in tropical or subtropical climate (Fairbridge, 1950;Jennings, 1968;Coetzee, 1975;Prasad, 1983;Herwitz, 1993;Pace et al, 1993;Herwitz and Muhs, 1995;Lundberg and Taggart, 1995;Mylroie et al, 1995;Grimes, 2002). In the Mediterranean area dissolution pipes have been reported from the coasts of Syria, Lebanon and Palestina (Day, 1928), while in Italy similar landforms have been investigated in Plio-Pleistocene calcareous arenites along the coasts of Apulia (Rudnicki, 1980;Delle Rose and Parise, 2003;Marsico et al, 2003) and in Sardinia (De Waele et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

On the formation of dissolution pipes in Quaternary coastal calcareous arenites in Mediterranean settings

Waele

Lauritzen

Parise

2011

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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A large number of uniform cone-shaped dissolution pipes has been observed and studied in Quaternary coastal calcareous arenites in Apulia and Sardinia (Italy) and Tunisia. These cylindrical tubes have a mean diameter of 52·8 cm and are up to 970 cm deep (mean depth for sediment-free pipes is 1·38 m). They generally have smooth walls along their length, are perfectly vertical and taper out towards their bottoms. Their development is not infl uenced by bedding nor fractures. Sometimes their walls are coated by a calcrete crust. Their morphology has been studied in detail and their relationships with the surrounding rocks and with the environment have been analysed. The perfectly vertical development is a clear evidence of their genesis controlled by gravity. The depth of the dissolution pipes can be described by an exponential distribution law (the Milanovic distribution), strongly suggesting they developed by a diffusion mechanism from the surface vertically downward. We believe dissolution pipes preferentially form in a covered karst setting. Local patches of soil and vegetation cause infi ltration water to be enriched in carbon dioxide enhancing dissolution of carbonate cement and local small-scale subsidence. This process causes the formation of a depression cone that guides infi ltrating waters towards these spots giving rise to the downward growth of gravitycontrolled dissolution pipes. A change of climate from wetter phases to drier and hotter ones causes the formation of a calcrete lining, fossilizing the pipes. When the pipes become exposed to surface agents by erosion of the sediment cover or are laterally breached the loose quartz sand fi lling them may be transported elsewhere.

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Bermuda solution pipe soils: A geochemical evaluation of eolian parent materials

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Timing and warmth of the Last Interglacial period: new U-series evidence from Hawaii and Bermuda and a new fossil compilation for North America

Timing and warmth of the Last Interglacial period: new U-series evidence from Hawaii and Bermuda and a new fossil compilation for North America

Geochemical evidence for African dust and volcanic ash inputs to terra rossa soils on carbonate reef terraces, northern Jamaica, West Indies

On the formation of dissolution pipes in Quaternary coastal calcareous arenites in Mediterranean settings

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