Berkeley Proton Linear Accelerator

Alvarez, Luis W.; Bradner, H.; Franck, Jack V.; Gordon, H.S.; Gow, J.D.; Oppenheimer, Frank; Panofsky, Wolfgang K. H.; Richman, C.; Woodyard, John R.

doi:10.1063/1.1771253

Cited by 68 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The geometric structure of the considered buncher is similar to that of common RF standing wave accelerators. 28 Since the frequency of the buncher will be synchronized to the 3 GHz frequency of the LIGHT system, the buncher could in principle be supplied with a fraction of energy by the available klystrons. Otherwise, it can be driven by an extra power supply operated at a defined phase relative to the accelerating cavities.…”

Section: C Medium Energy Beam Transfer Linementioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetically focused 70 MeV proton minibeams for preclinical experiments combining a tandem accelerator and a 3 GHz linear post‐accelerator

Mayerhofer

Datzmann

Degiovanni³

et al. 2021

Medical Physics

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Purpose: Radiotherapy plays an important role for the treatment of tumor diseases in two-thirds of all cases, but it is limited by side effects in the surrounding healthy tissue. Proton minibeam radiotherapy (pMBRT) is a promising option to widen the therapeutic window for tumor control at reduced side effects. An accelerator concept based on an existing tandem Van de Graaff accelerator and a linac enables the focusing of 70 MeV protons to form minibeams with a size of only 0.1 mm for a preclinical small animal irradiation facility, while avoiding the cost of an RFQ injector. Methods: The tandem accelerator provides a 16 MeV proton beam with a beam brightness of B ¼ 4 nA mm 2 mrad 2 as averaged from 5 µs long pulses with a flat top current of 17 µA at 200 Hz repetition rate. Subsequently, the protons are accelerated to 70 MeV by a 3 GHz linear post-accelerator consisting of two Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac (SCDTL) structures and four Coupled Cavity Linac (CCL) structures [design: AVO-ADAM S.A (Geneva, Switzerland)]. A 3 GHz buncher and four magnetic quadrupole lenses are placed between the tandem and the post-accelerator to maximize the transmission through the linac. A quadrupole triplet situated downstream of the linac structure focuses the protons into an area of (0.1 × 0.1) mm 2 . The beam dynamics of the facility is optimized using the particle optics code TRACE three-dimensional (3D). Proton transmission through the facility is elaborated using the particle tracking code TRAVEL. Results: A study about buncher amplitude and phase shift between buncher and linac is showing that 49% of all protons available from the tandem can be transported through the post-accelerator. A mean beam current up to 19 nA is expected within an area of (0.1 × 0.1) mm 2 at the beam focus. Conclusion: An extension of existing tandem accelerators by commercially available 3 GHz structures is able to deliver a proton minibeam that serves all requirements to obtain proton minibeams to perform preclinical minibeam irradiations as it would be the case for a complete commercial 3 GHz injector-RFQ-linac combination. Due to the modularity of the linac structure, the irradiation facility can be extended to clinically relevant proton energies up to or above 200 MeV.

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Section: C Medium Energy Beam Transfer Linementioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetically focused 70 MeV proton minibeams for preclinical experiments combining a tandem accelerator and a 3 GHz linear post‐accelerator

Mayerhofer

Datzmann

Degiovanni³

et al. 2021

Medical Physics

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“…The widths of DTs are proportional to 𝛽𝜆. The accelerating gap between two consecutive DTs is tuned to maintain the same -1 - resonant frequency in each gap [5]. For enhancing the coherence of the beam, the synchronous phase of the beam is negative (∼ 30 • ) [6], this sacrifices the transverse stability of the beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

11–20 MeV Alvarez Drift Tube Linac for low energy proton accelerator

Teotia,

Malhotra,

Kumar

et al. 2023

J. Inst.

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Bhabha Atomic Research Centre is developing Low Energy High Intensity Proton Accelerator (LEHIPA) as a pre-injector for proposed Accelerator Driven Sub-Critical Reactor Systems (ADSS). Drift Tube Linac is one of the two major accelerating structures of LEHIPA, the other being the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ). Like all particle accelerating structures, DTL needs multi-disciplinary expertise for design, production, qualification, and installation. This paper describes the comprehensive design, production, qualification, and installation of the ∼ 11–20 MeV section of DTL. It details the design of all sub-components which form part of the DTL RF cavity. Several novel concepts were implemented in course of this development. Important among them are DT-DTL alignment, referencing methodology, robust vacuum design and hermetically sealed DTs. This paper is a comprehensive coverage of design, development and installation aspects of Alvarez DTL. At present, the DTL is ready for beam commissioning.

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“…The standing-wave type, applicable to protons and heavier ions, was first developed by Alvarez et at. (22). Utilizing a single long cylindrical resonant cavity with an axial electric field through which the particles pass, being shielded by drift tubes from opposing fields during half of each cycle, it contrasts with Lawrence's early ver sion consisting of more nearly lumped circuit elements driven through lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%