Bering Glacier surge and iceberg-calving mechanism at Vitus Lake, Alaska, U.S.A.

Lingle, Craig S.; Post, Austin; Herzfeld, U. C.; Molnia, Bruce F.; Krimmel, Robert M.; Roush, James J.

doi:10.1017/s0022143000016683

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The motivation of this part of the analysis is the observation that surge crevasses open suddenly, as the surge wave hits a given location, resulting in characteristic sharp edges. This is well documented in many observations of the 1993–95 surge (Lingle and others, 1993; Herzfeld and Mayer, 1997; Herzfeld, 1998). In contrast, crevasse fields surveyed with laser altimetry in the lower and central Bering Glacier formed several weeks/months before our survey.…”

Section: Characteristic Parameters Of Crevasse Provincessupporting

confidence: 52%

“…These mathematical principles are summarized in the geostatistical classification method (Herzfeld, 2008). For the surge application we include the additional parameter of roundedness of crevasse edges, as surge crevasses are typically clear-cut because of the sudden occurrence in a single deformation event (Lingle and others, 1993; Herzfeld, 1998).…”

Section: Methodological Concept: Mathematical Characterization and CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bering Glacier last surged in 1993–95 (Lingle and others, 1993; Molnia and Post, 1995; Herzfeld and Mayer, 1997; Herzfeld, 1998; Mayer and Herzfeld, 2000; Shuchman and Josberger, 2010; see also Post, 1972; Molnia, 2001, 2008). The current surge was preceded by a weak surge-type acceleration which started in 2008 and stopped in the same year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bering Glacier surge 2011: analysis of laser altimeter data

et al. 2013

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The Bering Glacier–Bagley Icefield system in Alaska is currently surging (2011). Large-scale elevation changes and small-scale elevation-change characteristics are investigated to understand surge progression, especially mass transport from the pre-surge reservoir area to the receiving area and propagation of the kinematic surge wave as manifested in heavy crevassing characteristic of rapid, brittle deformation. This analysis is based on airborne laser altimeter data collected over Bering Glacier in September 2011. Results include the following: (1) Maximal crevasse depth is 60 m, reached in a rift that separates two deformation domains, indicative of two different flow regimes. Otherwise surge crevasse depth reaches 20–30 m. (2) Characteristic parameters of structural provinces are derived by application of geostatistical classification. Parameters include significance and spacing of crevasses, surface roughness and crevasse-edge curvature (indicative of crevasse age). A classification based on these parameters serves to objectively discriminate structural provinces, indicative of surge progression down-glacier and up-glacier. (3) Elevation changes from 2011 and 2010 altimetry show 40–70 m surface lowering in the reservoir area in lower central Bering Glacier and 20–40m thickening near the front in Tashalich arm. Combining elevation changes with results of crevasse profilometry and pattern analysis, the rapid progression of the surge can be mathematically–physically reconstructed.

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Section: Characteristic Parameters Of Crevasse Provincessupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Methodological Concept: Mathematical Characterization and CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bering Glacier surge 2011: analysis of laser altimeter data

et al. 2013

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“…The photos suggest the undulations were roughly tens of meters to 100 m in height. The surface of the piedmont lobe contrasted strongly with the smooth, near-stagnant surface observed during late June 1993 (Lingle and others, 1993). According to M. Nolan (personal communication, 1993), heavy iceberg calving into Vitus Lake had not yet begun along most of the terminus by this date, except at the western end.…”

Section: Onset and Propagation Of Surgementioning

confidence: 86%

“…2) reflects the slow-moving nature of the piedmont lobe during the quiescent phase (Post, 1972). By 26 March 1993, a sharp bulge had appeared at the location marked “1” in Figure 3 (see Lingle and others, 1993, fig. 5, for photo).…”

Section: Time and Area Of Onsetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surge-front propagation and velocities during the early-1993–95 surge of Bering Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., from sequential SAR imagery

et al. 2003

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The initiation and propagation of the 1993–95 surge of Bering Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., was observed using ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar(SAR) imagery. Images were acquired before and during the surge, between November 1992 and October 1993. Terrain-corrected and co-registered imagery was used to measure the propagation of the surge front. Surface undulations interpreted to be evidence of accelerated flow, indicating surge initiation in late winter, were observed in the 26 March 1993 image. From 19 May to 25 August 1993, the mean propagation velocity of the surge front was 90 m d−1. The surge reached the terminus shortly after 25 August 1993. The central area of the calving terminus then advanced into proglacial Vitus Lake at a mean rate of 19 md−1 between 9 August and 18 October 1993. Feature matching was used to measure discrete velocity vectors between 9 August and 13 September; the vectors were kriged onto a uniform grid and used to compute the principal strain rates. Shattering of the calving front and dramatically increased iceberg calving were accompanied by high compressive strain rates immediately up-glacier from the calving front.

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Master of the Obscure—Automated Geostatistical Classification in Presence of Complex Geophysical Processes

Herzfeld¹

Progress in Geomathematics

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Bering Glacier surge and iceberg-calving mechanism at Vitus Lake, Alaska, U.S.A.

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

Bering Glacier surge 2011: analysis of laser altimeter data

Bering Glacier surge 2011: analysis of laser altimeter data

Surge-front propagation and velocities during the early-1993–95 surge of Bering Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., from sequential SAR imagery

Master of the Obscure—Automated Geostatistical Classification in Presence of Complex Geophysical Processes

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