BERGMANN's RULE IN NONAVIAN REPTILES: TURTLES FOLLOW IT, LIZARDS AND SNAKES REVERSE IT

Ashton, Kyle G.; Feldman, Chris R.

doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00324.x

Cited by 380 publications

(267 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…This conforms to a general relationship between body size and temperature in ectotherms (Ashton & Feldman 2003, Kingsolver & Huey 2008. Somatic growth rates may also be sensitive to differences in temperature.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Inter-oceanic analysis of demographic variation in a widely distributed Indo-Pacific coral reef fish

Trip¹,

Choat²,

Wilson³

et al. 2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The surgeonfish Ctenochaetus striatus is abundant and widely distributed on reefs throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Population samples at 15 sites that spanned 158°of longitude and 40°of latitude across both hemispheres of the Indian and Pacific oceans allowed us to examine geographic variation in longevity, growth rate and adult size of this species. Samples from 5 sites in the Indian Ocean, 6 in the western Pacific and 4 in the central Pacific provided otolith-based estimates of size-at-age for 1537 individuals. All populations displayed rapid growth to a distinct asymptotic size, a pattern characteristic of many acanthuroid fishes. In both oceans, fish lived longer at higher latitudes; in addition, Indian Ocean populations tended to be shorter-lived than those in the Pacific Ocean. In contrast, growth rate and adult size did not differ between the 2 oceans, and were not related to temperature (as a proxy for latitude) in either the Pacific or the Indian Ocean. Further, we found no relationship between fishing pressure and longevity, growth or adult size across our set of sampling sites, among which fishing pressure on this species varied from intense to zero. We hypothesize that (1) growth and adult size are most responsive to local environmental features unrelated to latitudinal (temperature) effects; and (2) variation in longevity reflects a combination of responses to latitudinal (temperature) gradients and as yet unidentified environmental differences between the Indian and Pacific oceans.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Inter-oceanic analysis of demographic variation in a widely distributed Indo-Pacific coral reef fish

Trip¹,

Choat²,

Wilson³

et al. 2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…for octopods). These differences illustrate the greater complexity of patterns shown by ectotherms, as already seen in terrestrial systems (Hawkins & Lawton 1995, Ashton & Feldman 2003, Olalla-Tarraga & Rodriguez 2007. Nonetheless, size increase toward the poles was supported at a higher taxonomic (class) level.…”

Section: Depth Range Environmental Predictors Shelf Area and Body Sizesupporting

confidence: 57%

Environmental determinants of latitudinal size-trends in cephalopods

Rosa¹,

González²,

Dierssen³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Understanding patterns of body size variation is a fundamental goal in ecology, but although well studied in the terrestrial biota, little is known about broad-scale latitudinal trends of body size in marine fauna and much less about the factors that drive them. We conducted a comprehensive survey of interspecific body size patterns in coastal cephalopod mollusks, covering both hemispheres in the western and eastern Atlantic. We investigated the relationship between body size and thermal energy, resource and habitat availability and depth ranges. Both latitude and depth range had a significant effect on maximum body size in each of the major cephalopod groups (cuttlefishes, squids and octopuses). We observed significant negative associations between sea surface temperature (SST) and body size. No consistent relationships between body size and either net primary productivity (NPP), habitat extent (shelf area) or environmental variation (range of SST and NPP) were found. Thus, temperature seemed to play the most important role in structuring the distribution of cephalopod body size along the continental shelves of the Atlantic Ocean, and resource availability, seasonality or competition only played a limited role in determining latitudinal body size patterns.KEY WORDS: Body size · Ectotherms · Cephalopods · Thermal energy · Resource availability · Latitude · Temperature-size rule Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 464: [153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165] 2012 hypotheses suggest that ambient energy (temperature) is the best environmental explanatory variable for the latitudinal-size trends, both lack a convincing mechanistic explanation. The resource availability (primary productivity) hypothesis assumes that body mass must be maintained by a sufficient food supply and predicts greater body sizes in more productive areas (Rosenzweig 1968). However, it is worth noting that cephalopods are voracious carnivores with many different feeding strategies that enable them to feed opportunistically on a wide range of prey , and their growth seems to be primarily limited by predation rather than food shortages (Wood & O'Dor 2000).Some also argue that species adopt smaller body sizes in more equatorial areas because of increased inter-and intra-specific competition for resources (McNab 1971, Ashton et al. 2000. Because the feeding, behavior and reproduction of neritic cuttlefish, octopuses and squids are closely associated with seabed characteristics, one may argue that the larger continental shelves near the poles (i.e. greater habitat availability) could affect cephalopod body size variation by reducing competition. Moreover, variation in oxygen availability has been suggested to explain polar gigantism (Chapelle & Peck 1999) and size increase in the deep sea (McClain & Rex 2001, but also see Spicer & Gaston 1999 for a rebuttal of this idea). Seasonality (or fasting endurance) has also been advocated to explain latitudinal...

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“…Latitude also correlates with resources availability which influences the development time of ectotherms (Arnett and Gotelli 1999). First recognised and used with endothermic animals, Bergmann's Rule has been investigated widely in ectothermic organisms (e.g., crustaceans (Timofeev 2001); insects (Cushman et al 1993); fish (Belk and Houston 2002); amphibians Church 2008, Ashton 2002); reptiles (Ashton and Feldman 2003)). Much debate has arisen regarding the formulation and definition of Bergmann's Rule and this continues to the present day.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal cline in weapon allometry and phenology of the European stag beetle

Romiti¹,

Zan²,

Gasperis³

et al. 2017

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Animal body size commonly exhibits a remarkable variation in response to environmental conditions. Latitude, when correlated with temperature, rainfall and seasonality, represents one of the main determinants of variation in body size, as well as in allometry. It has long been recognised that populations of larger body size are found in colder environments (Bergmann's Rule), a cornerstone of evolutionary ecology. However, the way in which latitude might influence investment in exaggerated weapons of animals has received little attention. The European stag beetle Lucanus cervus (Linnaeus, 1758) is the focus of this study. Males of this species exhibit exaggerated mandibles, mainly used as weapons during intra-sexual conflicts. Five populations ranging from northern Italy to the southern limit of the distribution of L. cervus were analysed. Combining morphological and phenological data, latitudinal variation in body size, weapon investment and activity period of the adults were evaluated. The analysis of the allometry of mandibles strongly supported the presence of two male morphs. Large males (major morph) invest significantly more in weapons compared to males of the minor morph. Consistent with Bergmann's Rule, these results confirmed that

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BERGMANN's RULE IN NONAVIAN REPTILES: TURTLES FOLLOW IT, LIZARDS AND SNAKES REVERSE IT

Cited by 380 publications

References 138 publications

Inter-oceanic analysis of demographic variation in a widely distributed Indo-Pacific coral reef fish

Inter-oceanic analysis of demographic variation in a widely distributed Indo-Pacific coral reef fish

Environmental determinants of latitudinal size-trends in cephalopods

Latitudinal cline in weapon allometry and phenology of the European stag beetle

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