Berberine Supplement and Resistance Training May Ameliorate Diazinon Induced Neural Toxicity in Rat Hippocampus Via the Activation of the TrkB and ERK Signaling Pathway

Abstract

Introduction Diazinon (O, O-diethyl-O-[2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-yl] phosphorothioate) is an organophosphate insecticide commonly used to control insects in the agriculture and as a pesticide in domestic animals worldwide. 1,2 Organophosphorus pesticides induce adverse effects on many organs such as the liver, pancreas, kidney, and brain. 3-5 The central nervous system (CNS) is mostly the main part of the human body which is susceptible to the toxic effects of organophosphate compounds. Several studies have investigated the effect of diazinon on different organs of the human body. 6,7 These agents or their active metabolites inhibit acetylcholinesterase. This causes the accumulation of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses leading to hyperstimulation of cholinergic receptors, particularly in the CNS. It is believed that the main target of the toxic effects of these components is the CNS. 2,8 Several reports indicate that the accumulation of choline on neurons causes neuronal cell death in some brain regions such as the hippocampus and thalamus. 9,10 Exposure to diazinon induces apoptosis in neural cells. 11 Upon the exposure

Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function and Neurogenesis: Roles of BDNF and Oxidative Stress

“…Four weeks of running on a treadmill significantly reduced learning disabilities caused by immobility stress (32). In diazinon-poisoned rats, resistance training increased the expression of TRKB receptor protein as a specific BDNF receptor in the hippocampus (33).…”