Berberine impairs coxsackievirus B3‐induced myocarditis through the inhibition of virus replication and host pro‐inflammatory response

Dai, Qian; He, Xiaomei; Yu, Hua; Bai, Ying; Jiang, Lu; Sheng, Halei; Peng, Jin; Wang, Maolin; Yu, Jiang; Zhang, Kebin

doi:10.1002/jmv.26747

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Altogether, our results support the interest of testing MB in clinical studies to confirm a preventive or therapeutic efficacy, alone or combined with immune sera, against two major public health concerns: influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 1 .Further experiments will be required to fully understand the different antiviral mechanisms of action of MB against these two enveloped viruses. Based on previously published data, MB might inactivate viruses limiting viral replication and spread beyond the upper respiratory tract.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) pandemic unveiled the inability to develop specific antivirals and vaccines in a sufficiently short time frame. Although a limited circulation of influenza virus in the 2020–2021 season was achieved through social distancing and lock-down measures, in the coming years co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza might contribute to the severity of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia 1 . Moreover, neuraminidase treatment has been shown to increase the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 for its receptor, ACE-2, and this might increase the susceptibility of influenza infected patients to SARS-CoV-2 superinfection 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methylene Blue has a potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1 influenza virus in the absence of UV-activation in vitro

Cagno

Medaglia

Cerny

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Methylene blue is an FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and EMA (European Medicines Agency) approved drug with an excellent safety profile. It displays broad-spectrum virucidal activity in the presence of UV light and has been shown to be effective in inactivating various viruses in blood products prior to transfusions. In addition, its use has been validated for methemoglobinemia and malaria treatment. In this study, we first evaluated the virucidal activity of methylene blue against influenza virus H1N1 upon different incubation times and in the presence or absence of light activation, and then against SARS-CoV-2. We further assessed the therapeutic activity of methylene blue by administering it to cells previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we examined the effect of co-administration of the drug together with immune serum. Our findings reveal that methylene blue displays virucidal preventive or therapeutic activity against influenza virus H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 at low micromolar concentrations and in the absence of UV-activation. We also confirm that MB antiviral activity is based on several mechanisms of action as the extent of genomic RNA degradation is higher in presence of light and after long exposure. Our work supports the interest of testing methylene blue in clinical studies to confirm a preventive and/or therapeutic efficacy against both influenza virus H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylene Blue has a potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1 influenza virus in the absence of UV-activation in vitro

Cagno

Medaglia

Cerny

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…Retrospective observational studies are marked by bias and other methodologic concerns so the overall neutral findings are of limited value [ 14 – 21 ]. Two recent meta-analyses have shown no benefit or harm of ARBs in COVID-19 [ 22 , 23 ]. Interestingly, however, ACE-I and ARBs have been documented to be lung protective, suggesting possible benefit in renin angiotensin system blockade in pneumonia [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized Prospective Open Label Study Shows No Impact on Clinical Outcome of Adding Losartan to Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Mild Hypoxemia

Geriak

Haddad

Kullar³

et al. 2021

Infect Dis Ther

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Introduction Despite considerable scientific debate, there have been no prospective clinical studies on the effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) on the course of COVID-19 infection. Losartan is the ARB that was chosen to be tested in this study. Methods Patients with COVID-19 and mild hypoxia (receipt of ≤ 3 L/min O 2 by nasal cannula) admitted to three hospitals were randomized in a 1:1 ratio within 72 h of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing confirmation to prospectively receive standard of care (SOC) alone or SOC plus losartan 12.5 mg orally every 12 h for 10 days or until hospital discharge, with the option to titrate upward dependent on blood pressure tolerability. Primary composite endpoint was receipt of mechanical ventilation or death before receiving ventilation. Subjects were followed until discharge to home or until an endpoint was met in the hospital. Results Sixteen subjects received an ARB plus SOC and 15 subjects received SOC alone. The median age was 53 years for both groups. Median time from hospital admission to study enrollment was 2 days (range 1–6) for the ARB group and 2 days (range 1–4) for the SOC group. Mean Charlson comorbidity index was 2 for both groups. One subject in each group achieved the composite endpoint. Conclusion This small prospective randomized open-label study showed no clinically significant impacts of ARB therapy in mildly hypoxemic patients hospitalized with COVID-19 early in the pandemic. A larger prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial would be needed to confirm these findings or capture less pronounced effects and probably should focus on outpatients earlier in disease course. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov; March 27, 2020; NCT04340557.

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“…Despite the pandemic’s immense human cost, enormous economic toll, and extensive research response, the precise clinical characteristics of COVID-19 remain unclear [ 1 ]. At the start of the outbreak, COVID-19 was broadly characterised as a severe respiratory illness presenting with fever, cough and an atypical pneumonia [ 2 – 5 ]. Altered sense of taste and smell have since been found to be strongly associated with the disease [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Abdukahil¹,

Abe²,

Abel³

et al. 2021

Infection

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Background The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men.

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Berberine impairs coxsackievirus B3‐induced myocarditis through the inhibition of virus replication and host pro‐inflammatory response

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Methylene Blue has a potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1 influenza virus in the absence of UV-activation in vitro

Methylene Blue has a potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1 influenza virus in the absence of UV-activation in vitro

Randomized Prospective Open Label Study Shows No Impact on Clinical Outcome of Adding Losartan to Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Mild Hypoxemia

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

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