�ber den Nachweis einzelner Elektronenlawinen und ihrer Sekund�rprozesse in Gasen

Vogel, John E; Raether, H.

doi:10.1007/bf01336928

Cited by 7 publications

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“…The results indicated that the secondary process is a photoelectric one over the range of E/N covered in the present measurements. Previous studies of electron-avalanche current pulses (Vogel 1957, Vogel and Raether 1957, Schmidt-Tiedemann 1958 have shown that a positive-ion secondary process can occur with a freshly reduced cathode, but that it disappears after about an hour's exposure of the cathode to oxygen, leaving a photoelectric process as the only one normally operative. There is therefore no direct evidence to support the suggestion, made by Dutton et a1 (1967) and by Freely and Fisher (1964), that a positive-ion process operates at the higher values of E/N, where w/X changes relatively slowly with E/N.…”

Section: Observations Of Prebreakdown Current Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionization and breakdown in oxygen

Blair¹,

Whittington²

1975

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Measurements are reported of uniform-field breakdown voltages and of effective primary and secondary ionization coefficients in oxygen in the range 0.825*1018<or=N<or=9.90*1018 cm-3, 1.1*10-15<or=E/N<or=2.1*10-15 V cm-2, where N is the gas number density and E is the electric field strength. Oscillographic observations show that, over the range covered, the secondary electrons are produced only by photoelectric processes. Also reported are theoretical values of the secondary ionization coefficient, calculated using a one-dimensional model. The results show that for N=0.825*1018 cm-3 the secondary process can be described in terms of a single radiation component with an absorption coefficient of 38 cm-1 (at N=25.1*1018 cm-3). The secondary process appears to be mainly cathode photoemission but photo-ionization of the gas also plays a significant part. For N=3.30*1018 cm-3, on the other hand, the calculated and measured secondary coefficients differ considerably and additional radiation components must be assumed to be active.

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Section: Observations Of Prebreakdown Current Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionization and breakdown in oxygen

Blair¹,

Whittington²

1975

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Die Elektronenlawine und ihre Entwicklung

Raether

Ergebnisse Der Exakten Naturwissenschaften

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Fast current measurements for avalanche studies

Verhaart

Laan

1982

Journal of Applied Physics

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The electrical method is often used to study avalanches in gases. In this paper a substantial improvement of the time resolution of the measuring system is reported. To release the primary electrons within a very short time a transversely excited atmospheric pressure N 2 laser with a pulse width of 0.6 ns is used. Secondly the high-frequency response of the entire circuit is analyzed. As one of the results of this analysis a subdivided cathode is used consisting of a central measuring electrode surrounded by a grounded electrode. The diameter of the circular measuring electrode determines a maximum gap distance for reliable measurements, which can be calculated from a theory of Shockley and Ramo. As an example of the high-frequency response of our experimental setup avalanches in nitrogen are shown and analyzed. Avalanche measurements in air clearly show a dependence on the humidity, presumably caused by rapid detachment and conversion processes.

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�ber den Nachweis einzelner Elektronenlawinen und ihrer Sekund�rprozesse in Gasen

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Ionization and breakdown in oxygen

Ionization and breakdown in oxygen

Die Elektronenlawine und ihre Entwicklung

Fast current measurements for avalanche studies

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