Beobachtungen zum Auftreten des Schwammspinners (Lymantria dispar L.) des Goldafters (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) und des grünen Eichenwicklers (Tortrix viridana L.) in Niederösterreich und im Burgenland in den Jahren 1952 bis 1956

Jahn, Else; Sinreich, A.

doi:10.1007/bf02276364

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…forests with innocuous, increasing, and culminating gypsy moth populations, respectively. All selected areas had a history of previous gypsy moth outbreaks (J AHN and S INREICH , 1957; C APEK , 1974; F UESTER et al., 1983; N OVOTNY , 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural enemy complex of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lep., Lymantriidae) in different phases of its population dynamics in eastern Austria and Slovakia – a comparative study

Hoch

Zubrik

Novotný

et al. 2001

J Applied Entomology

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Parasitism and pathogen mortality of Lymantria dispar were compared between host populations of different densities in Slovakia and Austria. Over a period of 4 years, L. dispar eggs, larvae, and pupae were collected in a stage‐specific manner at three mixed oak stands in each country and reared in the laboratory to assess parasitoid and pathogen mortality. At sites with low host densities, L. dispar abundance was artificially augmented by exposing egg masses and young larvae. We ascertained marked differences between the natural enemy complexes of L. dispar populations in Slovakia and Austria. Overall, pathogens caused highest mortality in the former and parasitoids in the latter. Moreover, the species composition differed significantly between both countries. High variation was also observed between years and host populations at different densities. The investigations revealed that egg parasitization was low in Slovak L. dispar populations, and no egg parasitoids were found in Austria. Larval and pupal parasitism was low at sites with outbreak populations, but higher at the Austrian than at the Slovak site. The tachinid Parasetigena silvestris was the dominant species at elevated host densities. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus also caused significant mortality in these cases. An increase in parasitism by several species was noticed after the breakdown of L. dispar populations. The ichneumonid Phobocampe spp. caused high levels of parasitism during the post‐culmination years. At sites where host abundance increased in the first year of the study, significant differences between the Austrian and the Slovak locality could be ascertained. Mortality was low in the population at the latter site, and host abundance increased to outbreak levels the year after. The population at the Austrian site suffered high parasitism by the tachinids P. silvestris and Blepharipa pratensis and this might have contributed to the prevention of a further increase in L. dispar abundance in this locality. Braconids showed a strong reaction to the local, artificial increase in host density at study plots with innocuous L. dispar populations. Particularly high parasitism by Glyptapanteles liparidis was observed at the Austrian site, but G. porthetriae and Cotesia melanoscela also accounted for significant mortality in both low‐density populations. The artificial L. dispar populations were usually eradicated by natural enemies before pupation of the hosts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural enemy complex of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lep., Lymantriidae) in different phases of its population dynamics in eastern Austria and Slovakia – a comparative study

Hoch

Zubrik

Novotný

et al. 2001

J Applied Entomology

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“…The number of eggs per egg mass varied from 343-491 (Novotný, 1986) to 500-1000 (Turček 1949a;1956). Turček (1949a;1956) assumed 500-600 eggs are an average value.…”

Section: Gypsy Moth Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of eggs per egg mass varied from 343-491 (Novotný, 1986) to 500-1000 (Turček 1949a;1956). Turček (1949a;1956) assumed 500-600 eggs are an average value. Hoch et al (2001) reported similar numbers (averaging 534 eggs per egg mass) from Klingenbach (Austria, 60 km southwest of the Slovakia's border).…”

Section: Gypsy Moth Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gypsy moth is a highly polyphagous species, not only in Slovakia, but also in the whole territory of its occurrence (Kurir 1953;Janković 1958;Jahn & Sinreich 1957;Fuester et al 1983;Novotný 1986;Zúbrik et al 2013). In Eurasia, gypsy moth larvae are able to consume about 90 different tree species, while in the United States it is about 85 species (Schedl 1936;Doane & McManus 1981).…”

Section: Hosts To the Gypsy Mothmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About this first, it was a very strong gypsy moth outbreak after World War II, reported Hendrych (1959). Patočka (1961) mentioned that there was damage to 30,000-50,000 hectares during two outbreaks in 1946-1949and then in 1954-1957. Charvát (1967 confirmed that about 30,000 ha were defoliated and it culminated in 1949 during the outbreak period of 1946-1949.…”

Section: Outbreak Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) in the Slovak Republic and its outbreaks during 1945–2020

Zúbrik

Kunca

Kulfan

et al. 2021

Central European Forestry Journal

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The gypsy moth is one of the most serious pests in forests and fruit tree plantations over prevailing parts of the Northern Hemisphere. This work is based on a literature review, and presents history of gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L., observed in Slovak forests within the period 1945–2020. The life cycle, hosts, natural enemies, population dynamics of pests, impact of outbreaks on forests and different management methods used in the past are discussed. Since 1945, there were nine gypsy moth outbreaks in Slovakia. Between 1945 and 2020, a total of 155,034 ha of deciduous forests were touched with varying intensity, representing an average annual damage of 2,040 ha. The strongest outbreak culminated in 2004. Totally 51,479 ha were attacked in the period of 2000–2008. We have found outbreak periods that repeat with frequency of 7.8 ±2.2 years and the average outbreak phase lasts 3.1 ±1.1 years. The period between two subsequent outbreaks seems to be more or less constant and duration of the outbreak phase seems to be gradually shortened during the study period. Several factors influencing the gypsy moth population dynamics in Slovakia are discussed. The role of biological control by using entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga is described.

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Über Ursachen der Massenvermehrungen Forstschädlicher Insekten

Jahn¹

1969

Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde und Pflanzenschutz

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Beobachtungen zum Auftreten des Schwammspinners (Lymantria dispar L.) des Goldafters (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) und des grünen Eichenwicklers (Tortrix viridana L.) in Niederösterreich und im Burgenland in den Jahren 1952 bis 1956

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

The natural enemy complex of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lep., Lymantriidae) in different phases of its population dynamics in eastern Austria and Slovakia – a comparative study

The natural enemy complex of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lep., Lymantriidae) in different phases of its population dynamics in eastern Austria and Slovakia – a comparative study

Occurrence of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) in the Slovak Republic and its outbreaks during 1945–2020

Über Ursachen der Massenvermehrungen Forstschädlicher Insekten

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