Benzyladenine and Other Chemicals for Thinning `Empire' Apple Trees

Elfving, D.C.; Cline, R. A.

doi:10.21273/jashs.118.5.593

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The results agree with those of Elfving and Cline [3,4] who reported that the application of ethephon and NAA had no effect on the apple tree fruit setting.…”

Section: Effect Of the Growth Regulators On The Fruit Setting Percentagesupporting

confidence: 92%

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Effect of some growth regulators on some fruit characteristics and productivity of the Barhee date palm tree cultivar (Phoenix dactyliferaL.)

Aljuburi

Al-Masry

Al-Muhanna

2001

Fruits

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Effect of some growth regulators on some fruit characteristics and productivity of the Barhee date palm tree cultivar (Phoenix dactylifera L.).Abstract -Introduction. The date palm tree is one of the fruit trees most cultivated in the Arabian Gulf States. Bioregulators were used for the quality and productivity improvement of date palm tree fruits. A study was conducted to assess the relative effectiveness of GA 3 , NAA, ethephon and a mixture of growth regulators on some fruit characteristics and productivity of the Barhee date palm tree cultivar. Materials and methods. Five selected female uniform date palm trees of the cultivar Barhee were pollinated on March 5-15, 1994March 5-15, , 1995March 5-15, and 1996 placing eight fresh male strands on the female spadix center (flower cluster).Ten flower clusters were used on each tree and divided into five groups of two flower clusters. Each of these groups was subjected to one of the following treatments: control (water), 150 mg GA 3 × L -1 , 100 mg NAA × L -1 , 1 000 mg ethephon × L -1 and a mixture of these three growth regulators. Then the fruit setting, fruit flesh and dry matter percentages, the total soluble solids, the fruit ripening, and the fruit weight per bunch and per tree were measured. Results and discussion. The data showed that the application of GA 3 or ethephon on flower clusters of Barhee date palm trees had no constant effect on fruit characteristics and productivity of trees. NAA or growth regulator mixture applications on Barhee flower clusters reduced the fruit dry matter and fruit ripening percentages and increased the fruit weight per bunch and per tree. Conclusion. Treatments of Barhee date palm flower clusters, 20 d after pollination, with NAA or the specific growth regulator mixture decreased the dry matter percentage and the fruit ripening and increased the fruit flesh percentage and the date palm tree yield, therefore, these treatments could be recommended to improve the productivity of date palm trees in the region. Gulf States / Phoenix dactylifera / plant growth substances / spraying / nutrient improvement / crop yield Effet de quelques régulateurs de croissance sur certaines caractéristiques de production du cultivar Barhee de palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.).Effect of regulators on the Barhee date palm tree 325

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“…The results agree with those of Elfving and Cline [3,4] who reported that the application of ethephon and NAA had no effect on the apple tree fruit setting.…”

Section: Effect Of the Growth Regulators On The Fruit Setting Percentagesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The past few years have witnessed significant advances in the use of synthetic and natural plant bioregulators for the improvement of crop performance in citrus [1,2], apple [2][3][4][5] and avocado [6]. Date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are among the most cultivated horticultural crops in the United Arab Emirates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of some growth regulators on some fruit characteristics and productivity of the Barhee date palm tree cultivar (Phoenix dactyliferaL.)

Aljuburi

Al-Masry

Al-Muhanna

2001

Fruits

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“…Accel was usually applied to small fruit in the present study, and thinning results may have been improved if treatments were applied when fruit diameter averaged 10 to 12 mm. BA was most effective when applied at an average fruit diameter of ≈10 mm (Greene, 1993), but in another study it was effective when applied over a period of 29 d after bloom (Elfving and Cline, 1993). Easy-to-thin cultivars required BA concentrations of 50 to 75 mg·L -1 , and diffi cult-to-thin cultivars required 75 to 100 mg·L -1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Combinations of Ethephon and Accel for Thinning `Delicious' Apple Trees

Marini¹

2004

jashs

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For 4 years, `Redchief Delicious' apple [Malus ×sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] trees were treated with ethephon and/or Accel (6-BA + Gibberellins 4+7) when average fruit diameter was 5.0 to 11.4 mm. Effective thinning was obtained with ethephon at concentrations >500 mg·L-1 and with Accel at concentrations of 100 to 125 mg·L-1. In only 1 year out of 4 did combinations of Accel plus ethephon reduce fruit set more than either material applied alone. Repeat applications of either material alone or in combination reduced fruit set no more than single applications. Fruit weight was negatively related to the number of fruit per tree. After adjusting fruit weight for number of fruit per tree at harvest with analysis of covariance, ethephon did not improve fruit weight at harvest, but Accel improved fruit weight in two of three experiments. The effect of combinations of Accel and ethephon on fruit weight was inconsistent. Chemical names used: 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (ethephon); polyothyethylleneploypropanol dihydroxy-propane 2, butoxyethanol (Regulaid); N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amine plus giberrellins A4 + A7 (Accel).

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“…A contrast between NAA + CB at PF and/or Accel ™ + CB at 10 mm KFD vs. the commercial standard showed greater cropload adjusted fruit weight than the commercial standard in 1996 (P = 0.0289) but the probability of difference was only 0.1952 in 1997. BA has been reported to enhance fruit growth beyond the direct affect of thinning (Elfving and Cline;1993;Greene et al, 1992), which has been attributed to increased cell division (Greene et al, 1990;Wismer et al, 1995). Robinson and Lakso (1991) found that early application of NAA suppressed fruit growth less than when applied at 10 mm KFD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Load Reduction and Fruit Size Following Multi-step Thinning of 'Empire' Apple

Stover¹,

Fargione²,

Risio³

et al. 2002

HortSci

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Two years of field experiments were conducted in eastern New York to evaluate the efficacy of a multi-step thinning approach on reducing crop load (no. fruit per cm2 trunk cross-sectional area) and increasing fruit size of 'Empire' apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.). Applications of Endothall (ET) at 80% bloom, NAA + carbaryl (CB) at petal fall (PF), and Accel™ + CB at 10 mm king fruitlet diameter (KFD), alone and in all combinations, were compared to a nonthinned control and to the application of NAA + CB at 10 mm KFD (commercial standard). In both 1996 and 1997, orthogonal contrasts indicated the multi-step treatment significantly increased fruit size, reduced cropload, and reduced yield compared to single applications. Effects on cropload of consecutive treatments were largely predicted by multiplying effects of individual treatments. Although all thinning treatments except for NAA + CB at PF in 1997 significantly reduced cropload, no single treatment thinned sufficiently to ensure good return bloom. Compared to NAA + CB at 10 mm KFD, multi-step thinning with NAA + CB at PF followed by Accel™ + CB at 10 mm KFD produced bigger fruits in both years, and resulted in a higher percentage of spurs carrying a single fruit in 1996. When fruit size was evaluated after removing the effect of cropload (cropload adjusted fruit weight), NAA + CB at PF, Accel™ + CB at 10 mm, and the two applied sequentially, resulted in greater cropload adjusted fruit weight than the nonthinned control in both years, whereas NAA + CB at 10 mm did not. Contrast analysis of treatments with and without ET showed no significant effect of including ET on fruit size, though total cropload was reduced at P = 0.10 and total yield was reduced (P = 0.03 in 1996 and P = 0.12 in 1997). No deleterious effects from multi-step treatments have been observed. All thinning treatments significantly increased return bloom in 1996 and 1997 compared to the control with little difference observed between treatments. Chemical names used: naphthalene acetic acid (NAA); 1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate [carbaryl (CB)]; 6-benzyladenine [BA (Accel™)]; 7-oxabicyclo (2,2,1) heptane-2,3 dicarboxylic acid [ET (Endothall™)]

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Benzyladenine and Other Chemicals for Thinning `Empire' Apple Trees

Cited by 42 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of some growth regulators on some fruit characteristics and productivity of the Barhee date palm tree cultivar (Phoenix dactyliferaL.)

Effect of some growth regulators on some fruit characteristics and productivity of the Barhee date palm tree cultivar (Phoenix dactyliferaL.)

Combinations of Ethephon and Accel for Thinning `Delicious' Apple Trees

Crop Load Reduction and Fruit Size Following Multi-step Thinning of 'Empire' Apple

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