Benzothiadiazole-based polymer for single and double junction solar cells with high open circuit voltage

Venkatesan, Swaminathan; Ngo, Evan C.; Chen, Qiliang; Dubey, Ashish; Mohammad, Lal; Adhikari, Nirmal; Mitul, Abu Farzan; Qiao, Qiquan

doi:10.1039/c4nr01040j

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The above identified optimal polymer/fullerene blend ratio of 1:2 and solvent of chloroform were used. Figure 6a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 Photo-induced charge carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage (Photo-CELIV) measurements were carried out with varying delay time to calculate mobility and extracted charge carriers density as a function of delay time 30 . Figure 9a shows a typical photo-CELIV curve.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Performance for Inverted Organic Photovoltaics via Spacer between Benzodithiophene and Benzothiazole in Polymers

Mohammad¹,

Chen²,

Mitul³

et al. 2015

J. Phys. Chem. C

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In this work, the effects of the spacer between benzo[1,2-b;3,4-b']dithiophene (BDT) and dialkoxybenzothiadiazole (ROBT) in polymers were investigated for applications in organic solar cells. Polymer PBDT-2T-ROBT has a bi-thiophene (2T) spacer between the BDT and ROBT units, while PBDT-ROBT is a direct copolymer of BDT and ROBT. The polymer/PC 70 BM solar cells using both polymers were fabricated and optimized via polymer/fullerene ratio, solvent, and solvent additives. The spacer has significantly improved solar cell performance from 1.28% (Voc =0.77 V, Jsc = 3.13 mA/cm 2 , FF = 53.11 %) to 5.11% (Voc =0.66 V, Jsc = 13.33 mA/cm 2 , FF = 58.12%). The x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra show the PBDT-2T-ROBT/PC 70 BM blended film is semicrystalline while PBDT-ROBT/PC 70 BM film is amorphous. This indicates that the spacer facilitates polymer organization for higher carrier mobility in the film. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) topography and phase images show that PBDT-2T-ROBT/PC 70 BM films form fibrillar networks, while PBDT-ROBT/PC 70 BM films exhibit larger granular morphology. The photoinduced charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (Photo-CELIV) measurements show thatPBDT-2T-ROBT/PC 70 BM has a mobility of 9.59×10 -5 cm 2 /Vs, which is higher than the mobility of 8.64×10 -5 cm 2 /Vs for PBDT-ROBT/PC 70 BM film.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Performance for Inverted Organic Photovoltaics via Spacer between Benzodithiophene and Benzothiazole in Polymers

Mohammad¹,

Chen²,

Mitul³

et al. 2015

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…Nanomorphological features such as donor/acceptor crystallinity [8], vertical/ lateral phase separation [9,10], domain purity [11], orientation [12] and domain interfaces [13] can be tailored by optimizing the processing conditions to enhance device conversion efficiencies. Processing parameters such as solvent selection [8,14,15], annealing temperature [16], donor-acceptor mixing ratio [17,18], and coating techniques can be fine-tuned to attain high photovoltaic performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical role of domain crystallinity, domain purity and domain interface sharpness for reduced bimolecular recombination in polymer solar cells

et al. 2015

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Inverted bulk heterojunction solar cells were fabricated using poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) blended with two different fullerene derivatives namely phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 60 BM) and indene-C 60 bis-adduct (IC 60 BA). The effects of annealing temperatures on the morphology, optical and structural properties were studied and correlated to differences in photovoltaic device performance. It was observed that annealing temperature significantly improved the performance of P3HT:IC 60 BA solar cells while P3HT:PC 60 BM cells showed relatively less improvement. The performance improvement is attributed to the extent of fullerene mixing with polymer domains. Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that ICBA mixes with disordered P3HT much more readily than PC 60 BM which leads to lower short circuit current density and fill factor for P3HT:IC 60 BA cells annealed below 120 1C. Annealing above 120 1C improves the crystallinity of P3HT in case of P3HT:IC 60 BA whereas in P3HT:PC 60 BM films, annealing above 80 1C leads to negligible change in crystallinity. Crystallization of P3HT also leads to higher domain purity as seen EFTEM. Further it is seen that cells processed with additive nitrobenzene (NB) showed enhanced short circuit current density and power conversion efficiency regardless of the fullerene derivative used. Addition of NB led to nanoscale phase separation between purer polymer and fullerene http://dx.

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“…The perovskite crystal structure used for the preparation of wire‐shaped photodetector is CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , where M = CH 3 NH 3 , A = Pb, and X = I. These crystals are held together by ionic bond between organic and inorganic counterparts and by hydrogen bond . X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded to understand the crystallization of perovskite layer on CNY prepared by joule heating and hot plate annealing method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Wire‐Shaped Perovskite Photodetector via Joule Heating for Improved Crystallization and Performance

Adams

Adhikari

Parker

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

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UV region with the best results showing 0.9 A W −1 responsivity and 0.28/5.3 s rise/decay time. When following a vertical device structure with multiple layers this complexity adds to both fabrication cost and difficulty. [5a,6] We herein report the development of a carbon-based flexible wire-shaped perovskite photodetector. This flexible wire-shaped device performs exceedingly well under low light environments (11 A W −1 ) and is easily woven into composites due to its flexibility and small diameter (≈400 µm). Using a novel in-house fabrication method, we have developed a rapid, repeatable, and scalable annealing process to move closer toward the potential of multifunctional composite materials and embedded wire-shaped photodetectors. The photodetector's small size is critical given that any addition to a composite part cannot have a negative impact on its mechanical properties. There has been reported success with integrated wires in composites for structural health monitoring. [7] As these systems use light emissions at 585 and 617 nm, we have characterized our device under the same conditions.Given the large drop in performance for wire-shaped devices when compared to equivalent structures on planar substrates, fabrication techniques were targeted as a point of improvement; noting that there is no standard method for wire-shaped devices. [8] For comparison, doctor-blade, [9] spray, [10] and spincoating [11] are all well documented and established fabrication methods for perovskite planar devices. However, wire-shaped cell fabrication exhibits less developed solutions [8a,12] and does not benefit from the history of extensive research found for planar thin film cells. It has been shown that methyl ammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPbI 3 ) necessitates alternative processing such as two-step deposition or solvent engineering methods to create a pinhole-free, continuous thin film adding additional complexity in the fabrication process. [13] However, using MAPbI 3 we have created a continuous thin film on a wire using the joule heating method that shows comparable electrical characteristics to planar rigid perovskite photodetectors.We have developed a first flexible wire-shaped perovskite photodetector using joule heating method for annealing perovskite on CNY that is repeatable, cost effective, and scalable. This method utilizes joule heating in order to uniformly control the temperature of the wire substrate. We believe we have presented a novel solution able to compete with planar device. To the best of our knowledge, no other publication on a wire-shaped perovskite photodetector on thread-like CNY has Organolead triiodide perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) is used extensively as the absorber material for both solar cells and photodetectors; however, the reported photodetectors are all planar and flexible planar devices. To the best of knowledge the first flexible wire-shaped perovskite photodetector is reported. The performance of the wire-shaped perovskite photodetector on carbon nanotube yarn (CNY) critica...

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Benzothiadiazole-based polymer for single and double junction solar cells with high open circuit voltage

Cited by 30 publications

References 43 publications

Improved Performance for Inverted Organic Photovoltaics via Spacer between Benzodithiophene and Benzothiazole in Polymers

Improved Performance for Inverted Organic Photovoltaics via Spacer between Benzodithiophene and Benzothiazole in Polymers

Critical role of domain crystallinity, domain purity and domain interface sharpness for reduced bimolecular recombination in polymer solar cells

Flexible Wire‐Shaped Perovskite Photodetector via Joule Heating for Improved Crystallization and Performance

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