Benzodiazepines

Dantas, Leticia Mattos de Souza; Crowell‐Davis, Sharon L.

doi:10.1002/9781119226253.ch7

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 122 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…✜ Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines are anxiolytic medications 62 that facilitate GABA activity by binding to GABA-A receptors in the central nervous system 51 and are potentially useful for any problems involving fear, anxiety or phobias. 59 These medications have a rapid onset of action, and the effects last between 2 and 12 h, depending on the medi-cation.…”

Section: Managing Stress Related To Air Travelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Feline stress management during air travel: a multimodal approach

Jahn¹,

DePorter²

2023

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Practical relevance: More cats are travelling by air every year; however, air travel involves several common causes of stress for cats, such as environmental changes and a lack of control and predictability. The use of a multimodal stress management protocol for all stages of the relocation process, including appropriate and effective anxiolytic medication where necessary, is therefore important in order to safeguard the cat’s welfare while travelling. Clinical challenges: Cats may be presented to veterinarians for the purpose of preparing them and/or their documentation for air travel. Maintaining and protecting a cat’s physical, mental and emotional health in a stressful environment, while subjected to likely unfamiliar sights, noises, smells and the movement of the aircraft, and additionally dealing with international legislation, regulations and documents, can pose a complex challenge to veterinarians. Aims: This review describes the importance of stress management during air travel for cats, aims to raise awareness about the often poorly understood challenges involved, and outlines effective and airline-compliant stress management modalities. While the discussion is focused on air travel specifically, the stress management methods described can be applied to all types of longer distance travel, such as a long road trip or a ferry crossing, as well as a stay in a holiday home. Evidence base: There are currently no studies specifically on air travel in cats and, similarly, there are also limited data on air travel in other species. Many of the recommendations made in this review are therefore based on the authors’ extensive experience of preparing pets for travel, supported by published data when available.

show abstract

Section: Managing Stress Related To Air Travelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 59 These medications have a rapid onset of action, and the effects last between 2 and 12 h, depending on the medi-cation. 62 For further information about the benzodiazepines alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam and oxazepam see Table 1 .…”

Section: Managing Stress Related To Air Travelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline stress management during air travel: a multimodal approach

Jahn¹,

DePorter²

2023

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When used in combination with ketamine, muscle relaxation will be improved during anesthesia [36], and when used in combination with alfaxalone (5 mg/kg IM), muscle relaxation and sedation levels increase [9]. Intranasal administration of midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) provides reliable sedation (effect in 3-4 min) [44]. Less commonly used benzodiazepines include flurazepam 2 mg/kg IV [43] and lorazepam 0.1 mg/kg [15].…”

Section: Benzodiazepinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pig Sedation and Anesthesia for Medical Research

Costea,

Ene,

Pavel

2023

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In clinical veterinary practice, proper training and expertise in anesthesia administration and monitoring are essential. Pigs are suitable experimental animals for many surgical techniques because they are similar in size to humans and have a short reproductive cycle. This makes them ideal for research concerning organ transplantation, cardiovascular surgery, and other procedures that require a large animal model. Sedation and premedication should be administered at the lowest dose to be effective with predictable results and reduced adverse effects, to ensure the safety of both the animal and the team involved in the procedure, with a fast onset and optimizing the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. The goal of induction is to achieve a safe and effective level of anesthesia that ensures patient safety and facilitates research. Most of the time, inhalation anesthesia with endotracheal intubation is the ideal choice for maintenance of anesthesia. The difficulties related to endotracheal intubation of pigs can be overcome by knowing the anatomical peculiarities. Effective analgesia tailored to the specific procedure, the pig’s condition, and individual responses to medications should complete the maintenance and recovery protocols, reducing perioperative complications.

show abstract

“…Their known side effects include paradoxical excitation and anxiety, and, although controversial, they might interfere with learning. 34,35 In the sympatholytic agents class, there are 2 medications that are commonly used in behavior medicine: clonidine and dexmedetomidine, which work by blocking noradrenaline in the CNS. 36 In a recent study, Hauser et al 28 reported that dexmedetomidine oromucosal gel reduces stress-related behaviors in dogs during veterinary examinations.…”

Section: Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a single dose of orally administered gabapentin in dogs during a veterinary visit: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

Stollar

Moore

Mukhopadhyay

et al. 2022

javma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a single dose of orally administered gabapentin in alleviating stress at a veterinary visit in privately owned dogs. Animals 22 healthy client-owned dogs (1.5 to 8.5 years old) were enrolled in this study. PROCEDURES Each dog received a 50-mg/kg oral dose of either gabapentin or placebo 2 hours before the beginning of each visit protocol. The dog’s behavioral responses were coded from recorded video clips during a 5-minute-long standardized physical examination and pre– and post–physical examination phases. The veterinary technician separately rated each greeting behavior at each visit. Physiological variables during veterinary visits (ie, eye surface temperature and salivary cortisol concentrations) were also compared between the pre– and post–physical examination phases. The owner was queried 24 hours after a visit to determine the incidence of adverse events. RESULTS The greeting test score, eye surface temperature, and cortisol concentrations did not differ substantially between the gabapentin and placebo treatment groups. Lip licking frequency during the physical examination phase was significantly lower in the gabapentin treatment group than in the placebo group (P = 0.001). Lip licking frequency during the pre– and post–physical examination phases was also significantly lower in the gabapentin treatment group than in the placebo treatment group (P = 0.004). No serious adverse events were reported by the owners following gabapentin treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results showed that the 50-mg/kg dose of gabapentin was well tolerated without serious adverse effects in healthy dogs. Further studies are recommended of dogs with documented stress in response to a veterinary visit.

show abstract

Benzodiazepines

Cited by 9 publications

References 122 publications

Feline stress management during air travel: a multimodal approach

Feline stress management during air travel: a multimodal approach

Pig Sedation and Anesthesia for Medical Research

Effects of a single dose of orally administered gabapentin in dogs during a veterinary visit: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About