Benzodiazepine receptor mediation of behavioral effects of nitrous oxide in mice

Quock, Raymond M.; Emmanouil, Dimitris; Vaughn, Linda K.; Pruhs, Ronald J.

doi:10.1007/bf02245153

Cited by 35 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These effects appear to be related to opioid and/or benzodiazepine-like actions (Hynes and Berkowitz 1979;Gillmann et al 1986;Quock et al 1992;Czech and Quock 1993;Emmanouil et al 1994;Czech 1995;Courtire and Hardouin 1997). The subjective, behavioral and cognitive effects of subanaesthetic doses of N 2 O have been studied in humans (Garfield et al 1975;Fowler et al 1983Fowler et al , 1985Fowler et al , 1988Fowler et al , 1989Zacny et al 1994;Cheam et al 1995;Fried et al 1995;Galinkin et al 1997) and may be investigated by using the reaction time (RT) paradigm.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 39%

An additive factor analysis of the effect of sub-anaesthetic doses of nitrous oxide on information processing: evidence for an impairment of the motor adjustment stage

et al. 2003

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The present data provide evidence that N(2)O impairs information processing by altering at least the stage of motor adjustment. In addition, N(2)O spares the sensory processes implemented during the stimulus preprocessing stage. A subsidiary result is that at some concentrations, N(2)O displays opposite effects on reaction time and movement time. These results demonstrate that the additive factor method constitutes a powerful new tool for studying the pharmacology of information processing in animal models.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 39%

An additive factor analysis of the effect of sub-anaesthetic doses of nitrous oxide on information processing: evidence for an impairment of the motor adjustment stage

et al. 2003

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“…One consistent finding from this study and others was the significant dose-dependent reduction in rearing behavior after exposure to benzodiazepines (Crabbe et al, 1998;Quock et al, 1992). Rearing behavior is thought to be a novelty-evoked exploratory behavior that may contain components of both activity and anxiety (Bailey et al, 2008;Eisener-Dorman et al, 2010;Henderson et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Prototypical anxiolytics do not reduce anxiety-like behavior in the open field in C57BL/6J mice

Thompson

Grabowski-Boase

Tarantino

2015

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Understanding and effectively treating anxiety disorders are a challenge for both scientists and clinicians. Despite a variety of available therapies, the efficacy of current treatments is still not optimal and adverse side effects can result in non-compliance. Animal models have been useful for studying the underlying biology of anxiety and assessing the anxiolytic properties of potential therapeutics. The open field (OF) is a commonly used assay of anxiety-like behavior. The OF was developed and validated in rats and then transferred to use in the mouse with only limited validation. The present study tests the efficacy of prototypical benzodiazepine anxiolytics, chlordiazepoxide (CDP) and diazepam (DZ), for increasing center time in the OF in C57BL/6J (B6) mice. Multiple doses of CDP and DZ did not change time spent in the center of the OF. Increasing illumination in the OF did not alter these results. The non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic, buspirone (BUSP) also failed to increase center time in the OF while the anxiogenic meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) increased center time. Additional inbred mouse strains, BALB/cJ (BALB) and DBA/2J (D2) did not show any change in center time in response to CDP. Moreover, evaluation of CDP in B6 mice in the elevated plus maze (EPM), elevated zero maze (EZM) and light dark assay (LD) did not reveal changes in anxiety-like behavior while stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) was decreased by DZ. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies suggest that adequate CDP is present to induce anxiolysis. We conclude that the measure of center time in the OF does not show predictive validity for anxiolysis in these inbred mouse strains.

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“…Conversely, it had an anxiogeniclike action at the 75% concentration, i.e., increased NR. This finding differs from that of Quock et al, 1992, who used a different strain of mouse and found no effect of 75% N 2 O on NR. This anxiogenic-like action is most likely caused by the emergence of an excitement stage of banesthesiaQ, since it is accompanied by and large increase in locomotion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…But the effect is masked if opiate receptors are open. When the opiate receptors are blocked, a substantial N 2 O anxiolytic-like behavior is seen (Quock et al, 1987(Quock et al, , 1992. TRIAZ given orally without N 2 O reduces NR only at the highest dose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ped., 1992). An animal behavioral model referred to as the bstaircaseQ paradigm has been validated for screening potential BNZs for conscious sedation (Simiand et al, 1984;Steru et al, 1987;Quock et al, 1992). Triazolam (TRIAZ) has not been evaluated for its anxiolytic-like effect in laboratory experiments, either alone, or in combination with N 2 O.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anxiolytic-like action in mice treated with nitrous oxide and oral triazolam or diazepam

et al. 2005

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Few animal studies have explored the interaction of nitrous oxide (N2O) with a benzodiazepine (BNZ) administered by the oral route, as used in clinical procedures involving "conscious sedation". The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative "anxiolytic-like" and sedative effectiveness of N2O, oral triazolam (TRIAZ; Halcion) or oral diazepam (DIAZ; Valium), either alone or in various combinations of drugs and doses. One hundred and twelve Swiss Webster male mice, 35-45 days old, were assigned to 28 groups, each of which contained four mice. The mouse staircase test was used for the assessment of anxiety (number of rearings) and sedation (number of steps ascended). Three doses of oral TRIAZ (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg) or DIAZ (2.0, 3.5, 5.0 mg/kg) were given in combination with room air, or N2O/O2 at a N2O concentration of 25, 50 or 75%. Each mouse was tested once. N2O alone did not reduce NR in any concentration, but caused a significant increase in locomotion. DIAZ without N2O reduced NR only with the middle and high doses, but the addition of N2O significantly enhanced the anxiolytic-like effect of all DIAZ doses. TRIAZ, alone, reduced NR only in the highest dose, but added N2O resulted in anxiolytic-like behavior with all three TRIAZ doses. The sedative effects of the BNZs were extremely variable. Only the middle dose of DIAZ plus 25% N2O unequivocally reduced the number of steps ascended, i.e., caused sedation. TRIAZ lacked the inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship with NR usually seen with DIAZ. TRIAZ, therefore, provides better dose control. This behavioral animal model indicates that the optimal combinations for reduction of anxiety-like behavior with minimal effects on sedation are 0.1 mg/kg oral TRIAZ with 25% N2O or 2.0 mg/kg oral DIAZ with 25% N2O.

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Benzodiazepine receptor mediation of behavioral effects of nitrous oxide in mice

Cited by 35 publications

References 25 publications

An additive factor analysis of the effect of sub-anaesthetic doses of nitrous oxide on information processing: evidence for an impairment of the motor adjustment stage

An additive factor analysis of the effect of sub-anaesthetic doses of nitrous oxide on information processing: evidence for an impairment of the motor adjustment stage

Prototypical anxiolytics do not reduce anxiety-like behavior in the open field in C57BL/6J mice

Anxiolytic-like action in mice treated with nitrous oxide and oral triazolam or diazepam

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