Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists Use and Cessation Among Multimorbid Older Adults with Polypharmacy: Secondary Analysis from the OPERAM Trial

Abstract

Background Benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRAs) are commonly prescribed in older adults despite an unfavorable risk–benefit ratio. Hospitalizations may provide a unique opportunity to initiate BZRA cessation, yet little is known about cessation during and after hospitalization. We aimed to measure the prevalence of BZRA use before hospitalization and the rate of cessation 6 months later, and to identify factors associated with these outcomes. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of a cluster randomized controlled trial (OPtimising thERapy to prevent Avoidable hospital admissions in the Multimorbid elderly [OPERAM]), comparing usual care and in-hospital pharmacotherapy optimization in adults aged 70 years or over with multimorbidity and polypharmacy in four European countries. BZRA cessation was defined as taking one or more BZRA before hospitalization and not taking any BZRA at the 6-month follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with BZRA use before hospitalization and with cessation at 6 months. Results Among 1601 participants with complete 6-month follow-up data, 378 (23.6%) were BZRA users before hospitalization. Female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.52 [95% confidence interval 1.18–1.96]), a higher reported level of depression/anxiety (OR up to 2.45 [1.54–3.89]), a higher number of daily drugs (OR 1.08 [1.05–1.12]), use of an antidepressant (OR 1.74 [1.31–2.31]) or an antiepileptic (OR 1.46 [1.02–2.07]), and trial site were associated with BZRA use. Diabetes mellitus (OR 0.60 [0.44–0.80]) was associated with a lower probability of BZRA use. BZRA cessation occurred in 86 BZRA users (22.8%). Antidepressant use (OR 1.74 [1.06–2.86]) and a history of falling in the previous 12 months (OR 1.75 [1.10–2.78]) were associated with higher BZRA cessation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR 0.45 [0.20–0.91]) with lower BZRA cessation. Conclusion BZRA prevalence was high among included multimorbid older adults, and BZRA cessation occurred in almost a quarter of them within 6 months after hospitalization. Targeted BZRA deprescribing programs could further enhance cessation. Specific attention is needed for females, central nervous system-acting co-medication, and COPD co-morbidity. Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02986425. December 8, 2016. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40266-023-01029-1.