“…The obvious chemical shift at 182–185 ppm verifies the generation of the carbonyl group in central β-ketene ring. For TpAn, TpABN, TpPy, and TpPym, the chemical shifts ranging from 98 to 150 ppm were observed, attributed to the carbon atom of the aromatic ring and cyan. , For TpBTD, the signals at 108.3–153.4 ppm are ascribed to the chemical shift of C in the benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole unit. − In addition, high-resolution XPS was also utilized for clarifying the surface elemental (C, N, O, or S) states of samples. In the C 1s high-resolution XPS result of all samples (Figures S2 and S3), the three peaks at binding energies of 284.8, 286.2, and 288.3 eV are related with aromatic C, the C interacting with the N atom, and that in the carbonyl group, respectively. , The N 1s spectra of TpABN, TpPy, and TpPym show that the peaks at 399.7 and 398.6 eV correspond to the cyan group and −C–NH– linkage, respectively, while the single peak at 398.6 eV of the TpAn spectra implies its sole chemical state of the N element (−C–NH−) and the new peak at 399.1 eV for the N 1s spectra of TpBTD represents the C=N–S group of the 2,1,3-thiadiazole unit.…”