Bentuk dan posisi kondilus sebagai marker pada Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) melalui radiografi panoramik

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of writing this literature review is to describe the condyle shape and position parameters in panoramic radiographs to be used as markers in diagnosing a TMD case.
 Literature Review: There are several classifications of both normal and pathological condyles in terms of panoramic radiographs, however these require more detailed observation. Panoramic radiographs that are only two-dimentional and only performed when the teeth are biting edge to edge so that they only show the position of the condyle movement and the shape of the condyle from the lateral view. Panoramic radiograph also have limitations in imaging soft tissues such as articular disc which are vital anatomy in analyzing a TMD case. 
 Conclusion: Assessment of the shape and position of the condyles on a panoramic radiograph can be used as an early diagnosis of TMD. 2-dimensional modalities such as TMJ conventional lateral and frontal or 3-dimensional modalities such as CBCT or CT can be used for further assessment of a TMD case, while MRI or ultrasound can be used for soft tissue abnormalities.

Relationship of One Side Chewing Habits to Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Occurrence

“…13,15,27 The condylar bone structure is ellipsoid in shape with a narrow neck and connected to the mandibular ramus 15-20 mm long from side to side and 8-10 mm thick from front to back. 28 However, the condyles have different shapes and sizes for each individual due to age, facial type, malocclusion type, gender, and occlusal power. 13,15,27 The head of the condyle is classified into five types, namely crooked finger, round (round), pointed, angled (angled), and flat (flattened).…”

“…13,15,27 The head of the condyle is classified into five types, namely crooked finger, round (round), pointed, angled (angled), and flat (flattened). 28 As the center of mandibular movement, the condyle has a complex relationship with the surrounding tissue. 29 JHDS 2022…”

“…13 The most common features of the head of the condyle found in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders are flattening, erosion, osteophyte, and sclerosis. 27,28 The articular disc is a fibrocartilage tissue that contains few blood vessels and nerves, is round and oval, and is located between the condyle and the glenoid fossa. 11,30 The articular disc is divided into three parts: anterior, intermediate, and medial.…”

“…4 Temporomandibular joint disorders can be cured if the diagnosis and treatment plan is established correctly. 28 The temporomandibular joint is diagnosed as having a disorder if one or more signs. Its symptoms appear, which can be determined by standard examinations, namely anamnesis or subjective examination, behavioural or behavioural assessments.…”

Ketinggian kondilus, kebiasaan mengunyah dan gejala temporomandibular disorder pada pasien bergigi lengkap pada berbagai kelompok usia: studi observasional

“…Morfologinya dapat mengalami perubahan atas beberapa variabel perkembangan sederhana dan akan mengalami modifikasi selama kehidupan untuk beradaptasi dengan daya fungsional. 4 Distribusi tekanan yang abnormal pada permukaan sendi dan remodeling pada kondilus dapat menyebabkan oklusi yang tidak seimbang pada pasien dengan asimetri mandibula. 3 Remodeling dari kondilus terjadi sebagai akomodasi perkembangan seperti maloklusi, trauma, kelainan perkembangan lainnya, dan penyakit.…”