Bentonite electrical conductivity: a model based on series–parallel transport

Lima, Ana T.; Loch, J. P. G.; Kleingeld, P. J.

doi:10.1007/s10800-009-0060-7

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These evidences prompted the development of a specific non-linear conductivity model in geophysics called the 'three layers resistor model' by Wyllie & Southwick (1954). The three layers resistor model has since being extensively used and discussed in the literature (Sauer et al 1955;Spiegler et al 1956;Gast 1966;Bussian 1983;Mitchell 1993;Lima et al 2010) and extended to partially saturated media by Rhoades et al (1989) and Revil et al (2018a). Fig.…”

Section: O L U M E Av E R a G I N G T H E O Rymentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced polarization of volcanic rocks. 3. Imaging clay cap properties in geothermal fields

Revil

Ghorbani

et al. 2019

Geophysical Journal International

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Smectite-rich clay caps form permeability seals in geothermal systems. The presence of smectite is also responsible for a strong surface (interfacial) electrical conductivity and polarization due to their electrical double layer properties. We developed new complex conductivity models using both differential effective medium (DEM) and volume averaging theories accounting for both conduction and polarization of these high cation exchange capacity (CEC) materials. These models predict that the chargeability is also a non-linear function of the pore water conductivity reaching a constant value at pore water conductivity far above the so-called iso-conductivity point. The iso-conductivity point is characterized by the equality between the conductivity of the rock and the conductivity of the pore water. We apply the DEM conductivity model (which requires only two textural parameters) to smectite-rich volcanic and sedimentary rocks using data sets from the literature. When smectite is present in the volcanic rocks, the CEC of the rock is dominated by the CEC of smectite. The grain conductivity and the normalized chargeability are related to each other by a dimensionless number R = 0.10 (independent of temperature and saturation) and both are controlled by the excess of charge per unit pore volume Q V , which can be determined from the CEC and porosity. Our petrophysical model is also able to predict the permeability of the rock as well from the CEC and the porosity. It is applied to a 3-D data set at Krafla volcano (Iceland). The porosity, the CEC, the percentage of smectite, and the permeability of the clay-cap are imaged by 3-D induced polarization tomography. Electrical conductivity tomography alone does not allow separation of the contribution of the bulk pore space from the interfacial properties related to alteration and therefore should be used with caution.

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Section: O L U M E Av E R a G I N G T H E O Rymentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced polarization of volcanic rocks. 3. Imaging clay cap properties in geothermal fields

Revil

Ghorbani

et al. 2019

Geophysical Journal International

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“…It should be observed that in literature there is a wide variety of works giving results that could be potentially useful for tackling the problem [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. To the best of our knowledge, no specific studies are available for the considered problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach can be considered a classical one. Even if a specific sensor for the considered problem has not been presented in the literature, several studies in this field could suggest that this approach could be the most applicable to the problem [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noncontact Displacement Measurement of Nuclear Waste Canisters in a Geological Disposal by Using an Electromagnetic-Wave Approach

Cappelli

Surrenti

2020

Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science

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Abstract The aim of this work is to show a preliminary investigation of possible non-contact techniques for displacement measurement of radioactive waste in a geological disposal. Since a nuclear waste repository can be considered as a harsh environment, the possibility to study alternative methods for measurement, for example not using cables or buses for detecting relevant data, should be considered as a priority. A straightforward approach could be the substitution of cables with wireless sensors. But if cables cannot be used and the use of wireless techniques is required, new sensors must assure a reliable transmission without affecting the engineered barriers performance and the reliable use of energy supply for the measuring equipment over long periods. This work shows the results of a study of feasibility on using an electromagnetic approach for the contactless displacement measurement of a canister immersed and suspended in bentonite, a material with a high degree of water retention.

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“…The permittivity and conductivity of clay suspensions have been investigated by numerous authors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In a previous article [15], we have investigated both the electrophoretic mobility and the dielectric spectroscopy response of dilute montmorillonite particle suspensions of montmorillonite (0.1% volume fraction).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between the electrokinetic properties of kaolinite and montmorillonite suspensions at different volume fractions

Tsujimoto

Chassagne

Adachi

2013

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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We have investigated the electrokinetic responses of two different kinds of clay particles, kaolinite and montmorillonite. The dielectric permittivity of kaolinite suspensions is linearly proportional to volume fraction up to volume fractions of 20%, whereas that of montmorillonite is deviating from a linear relationship, for volume fractions below 0.5%. This indicates that the montmorillonite particles experience a particle-particle interaction at these low volume fractions. The complex dipole coefficients of both clays estimated by experimental data are, however, within experimental error in good approximation independent on volume fraction and agree with the theoretical predictions. The relaxation frequency in clay-water system at low ionic strength is almost determined by the relaxation of the double layer for both kaolinite and montmorillonite. For volume fractions larger than 0.5% for montmorillonite, we find that the zeta potential measured by electroacoustic methods starts to depend strongly on volume fraction. It is expected that for these high volume fractions, the dipole coefficients will also become volume-fraction dependent.

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Bentonite electrical conductivity: a model based on series–parallel transport

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Induced polarization of volcanic rocks. 3. Imaging clay cap properties in geothermal fields

Induced polarization of volcanic rocks. 3. Imaging clay cap properties in geothermal fields

Noncontact Displacement Measurement of Nuclear Waste Canisters in a Geological Disposal by Using an Electromagnetic-Wave Approach

Comparison between the electrokinetic properties of kaolinite and montmorillonite suspensions at different volume fractions

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