Benthic Filter Feeding: A Natural Eutrophication Control

Officer, Charles B.; Smayda, Theodore J.; Mann, Roger

doi:10.3354/meps009203

Cited by 433 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A previous modelling effort (Mussap and Zavatarelli 2017) demonstrated the importance of such processes in constraining the trophic characteristics of the implementation site and the adopted (validated reference run) baseline value for the V f parameter was 2 10 −3 m 3 (mg C day −1 ), a value which is in line with the estimates of Winter (1978), Mohlenberg and Riisgard (1979), Officer et al (1982) and Ricciardi and Bourget (1998). However, the estimates point to a significant variability (and therefore uncertainty) in dependence of the different macroinvertebrates that in BFM are represented by the single "filter feeders" functional group.…”

Section: Experimental Designsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The filter feeder activity constitutes an important element of the benthic-pelagic coupling, capturing suspended particles and directly regulating primary production (Winter 1978;Officer et al 1982;Gili and Coma 1998). A previous modelling effort (Mussap and Zavatarelli 2017) demonstrated the importance of such processes in constraining the trophic characteristics of the implementation site and the adopted (validated reference run) baseline value for the V f parameter was 2 10 −3 m 3 (mg C day −1 ), a value which is in line with the estimates of Winter (1978), Mohlenberg and Riisgard (1979), Officer et al (1982) and Ricciardi and Bourget (1998).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linking 1D coastal ocean modelling to environmental management: an ensemble approach

2017

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The use of a one-dimensional interdisciplinary numerical model of the coastal ocean as a tool contributing to the formulation of ecosystem-based management (EBM) is explored. The focus is on the definition of an experimental design based on ensemble simulations, integrating variability linked to scenarios (characterised by changes in the system forcing) and to the concurrent variation of selected, and poorly constrained, model parameters. The modelling system used was previously specifically designed for the use in "data-rich" areas, so that horizontal dynamics can be resolved by a diagnostic approach and external inputs can be parameterised by nudging schemes properly calibrated. Ensembles determined by changes in the simulated environmental (physical and biogeochemical) dynamics, under joint forcing and parameterisation variations, highlight the uncertainties associated to the application of specific scenarios that are relevant to EBM, providing an assessment of the reliability of the predicted changes. The work has been carried out by implementing the coupled modelling Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna, Italy system BFM-POM1D in an area of Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea), considered homogeneous from the point of view of hydrological properties, and forcing it by changing climatic (warming) and anthropogenic (reduction of the land-based nutrient input) pressure. Model parameters affected by considerable uncertainties (due to the lack of relevant observations) were varied jointly with the scenarios of change. The resulting large set of ensemble simulations provided a general estimation of the model uncertainties related to the joint variation of pressures and model parameters. The information of the model result variability aimed at conveying efficiently and comprehensibly the information on the uncertainties/reliability of the model results to non-technical EBM planners and stakeholders, in order to have the model-based information effectively contributing to EBM.

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Section: Experimental Designsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking 1D coastal ocean modelling to environmental management: an ensemble approach

2017

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“…However, even when undisturbed, estuaries exhibit high variability in sediment load, planktonic productivity, depth, residence time, and natural abundance of oysters (Bricker et al 2007;zu Ermgassen et al 2012), all of which influence the extent to which oyster filtration may impact water quality (Officer et al 1982;Pomeroy et al 2006;Cerco and Noel 2007). Temporal mismatching between phytoplankton production and peak oyster filtration may also limit the potential for oyster populations to have a regulating influence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Loss of a Marine Ecosystem Service: Filtration by the Eastern Oyster in US Estuaries

Ermgassen

Spalding

Grizzle

et al. 2012

Estuaries and Coasts

168

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The oyster habitat in the USA is a valuable resource that has suffered significant declines over the past century. While this loss of habitat is well documented, the loss of associated ecosystem services remains poorly quantified. Meanwhile, ecosystem service recovery has become a major impetus for restoration. Here we propose a model for estimating the volume of water filtered by oyster populations under field conditions and make estimates of the contribution of past (c. 1880-1910) and present (c. 2000-2010) oyster populations to improving water quality in 13 US estuaries. We find that filtration capacity of oysters has declined almost universally (12 of the 13 estuaries examined) by a median of 85 %. Whereas historically, oyster populations achieved full estuary filtration (filtering a volume equivalent or larger than the entire estuary volume within the residence time of the water) in six of the eight estuaries in the Gulf of Mexico during summer months, this is now the case for only one estuary: Apalachicola Bay, Florida. By contrast, while all five estuaries on the North Atlantic coast showed large decreases in filtration capacity, none were achieving full estuary filtration at the time of our c. 1900 historic baseline. This apparent difference from the Gulf of Mexico is explained at least in part by our North Atlantic baseline representing a shifted baseline, as surveyed populations were already much reduced by exploitation in this region.

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“…Bivalve suspensions feeders facilitate the transfer of particles and nutrients from the water column to the sediments in the form of biodeposits (Jordan 1987, Bayne & Hawkins 1992, and bivalves have been proposed as an additional method to reduce phytoplankton biomass (Dame et al 1980). An increase in bivalve populations to historical population levels has been suggested as a method to bring ecosystems back to their natural balance and to improve water quality (Cloern 1982, Officer et al 1982, Cohen et al 1984, Newell 1988.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oysters Crassostrea virginica and bottom shear velocity on benthic-pelagic coupling and estuarine water quality

Porter

Cornwell²,

Sanford³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Increasing the biomass of bivalve suspensions feeders has been proposed as a means to improve water quality in eutrophic estuaries such as the Chesapeake Bay. However, water quality impacts are likely to be determined by the balance of bivalve feeding and the deposition and sediment regeneration of nutrients from particulate organic matter. In shallow-water environments, benthic and pelagic processes are closely coupled and water flow can regulate the supply of seston to the bivalves. In addition, such flow may regulate benthic-pelagic nutrient fluxes through mass transfer limitation and resuspension. We studied the interacting effects of juvenile oysters Crassostrea virginica and bottom shear velocity on phytoplankton biomass and on nutrient regeneration in a series of three 4 wk long comparative experimental ecosystem experiments. All mesocosms had a 1000 l water volume, a 1 m 2 sediment surface area, and a 1 m water-column depth, and the same realistic water-column mixing (turbulence intensity 1 cm s -1 ). The systems included a multi-component mesocosm with moderate bottom shear velocity (0.6 cm s -1 ) and 2 standard cylindrical tanks with an unrealistically low bottom shear velocity (0.1 cm s -1 ). Oysters shifted processes to the sediments by decreasing phytoplankton biomass without stimulating additional blooms and by increasing light penetration to the bottom. Through complex and indirect relationships, the interaction of oysters and enhanced shear velocity significantly affected microphytobenthos biomass. Light, as enhanced by the oyster feeding on phytoplankton, increased microphytobenthos biomass; a moderate bottomshear velocity eroded the biomass. Microphytobenthos biomass decreased nutrient regeneration from the sediments to the water column and may have implications for water quality in low-energy parts of shallow-water estuaries such as Chesapeake Bay. Enhanced bottom shear in more energetic parts of shallow estuaries negatively affects microphytobenthos biomass and may increase nutrient regeneration from the sediments.

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Benthic Filter Feeding: A Natural Eutrophication Control

Cited by 433 publications

References 24 publications

Linking 1D coastal ocean modelling to environmental management: an ensemble approach

Linking 1D coastal ocean modelling to environmental management: an ensemble approach

Quantifying the Loss of a Marine Ecosystem Service: Filtration by the Eastern Oyster in US Estuaries

Effect of oysters Crassostrea virginica and bottom shear velocity on benthic-pelagic coupling and estuarine water quality

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