Bent induced refractive index profile variation and mode field distribution of step-index multimode optical fiber

Sokkar, T.Z.N.; Ramadan, W. A.; El-Din, M.A. Shams; Wahba, H. H.; Aboleneen, S.S.

doi:10.1016/j.optlaseng.2013.09.002

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Accurate characterization of optical fibers is required in order to know about their functions and performances. There are many methods of optical fibers characterization such as optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, light diffraction, light scattering, optical interferometry, and digital holography [1,3,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Optical interferometry is an effective accurate tool for studying and characterizing optical fibers.…”

Section: Characterization Of Optical Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The change of refractive index can be in situ detected if the interferometer is developed to achieve this task. Interference patterns can be digitally processed and analyzed in order to increase the accuracy of the obtained results [1,17,22,26,27,[30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Characterization Of Optical Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optical fibers, which are isotropic materials, can suffer a birefringence under external mechanical bending effects [1,22,33,51]. The induced birefringence can be used in sensing applications [52][53][54].…”

Section: Bent Conventional Optical Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Optical Fibers Profiling Using Interferometric and Digital Holographic Methods

Wahba¹,

Ramadan²,

El-Tawargy³

2020

Optical Fiber Applications

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Optical fibers are extensively used in modern technology such as sensing, shortdistance and long-distance telecommunications. This motivated many researchers to present different methods in order to characterize optical fibers and determine their refractive index profiles. In addition, variation of refractive index profiles of optical fibers suffering mechanical stresses or other external effects reflects good information about the internal structure of these fibers and how they are responding to these external effects. Optical interferometry and digital holography methods are accurate and effective tools used to achieve this task. In this chapter, we illustrate the application of different types of optical interference on conventional, polarizing maintaining and thick optical fibers. Also, we illustrate some mathematical interpretations (and recently automatic analyzing of interference patterns) that have been used to reconstruct the accurate refractive index profiles of optical fibers. Some experimental interferograms and refractive index profiles are demonstrated as well.

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Section: Characterization Of Optical Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Optical Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optical Fibers Profiling Using Interferometric and Digital Holographic Methods

Wahba¹,

Ramadan²,

El-Tawargy³

2020

Optical Fiber Applications

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“…Multi-mode fibers do not maintain high-quality spatial properties of the laser; the light beam is dispersed. The high dispersion rate with multi-mode fiber reduces the quality of the signal over a certain distance [44]. Multi-mode fibers are used mostly for short distance application.…”

Section: Multi-mode Optical Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Choosing a Better Delay Line Medium between Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Optical Fibers: the Effect of Bending

Imam

Isiyaku

Isah

et al. 2017

PoS

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Abstract. Optical fiber cables are materials whose core is made of silica and other materials such as chalcogenide glasses; they transmit a digital signal via light pulses through an extremely thin strand of glass. The light propagates and is being guided by the core which is surrounded by the cladding. Light travels in the optical fiber in the form of total internal reflection in the core of the fibers. The flexibility, low tensile strength, low signal loss, high bandwidth and other characteristics of optical fibers favors it for use as a delay medium in many applications. Another favorable characteristic of optical fiber delay lines is are their relative insensitivities to environmental effects and electromagnetic interferences. The immunity of optical fibers to interferences and their less weight added advantages to it for use as delay medium. Single-mode and multi-mode are the two most popular types of optical fibers. Single-mode fibers have good propagation and delay properties with a minimal loss that allows the signal to propagate in a large distance with insignificant distortion or attenuation. The percentage of power transmission of single-mode fibers is found to be higher than that of the multi-mode fibers. It is, therefore, a preferred type for use as a delay line. In this paper, relative studies of the two optical fibers modes, and the results of power input/output measurement of the two modes are presented with a view to coming up with a better type for use as a delay medium.

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“…In addition, digital holographic interferometric phase shifting, based on this model, is used to determine the optical parameters of bent optical fibers with enhanced accuracy [12]. In a recent work [13], another forward step has been done taking into consideration that the beam transverses cladding and core of a step-index multimode bent optical fiber that is divided into slabs. In the cladding-core area the core refractive index is recovered with the knowledge of the cladding refractive index given with the aid of the strain-birefringence relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional refractive index and stresses profiles of a homogenous bent optical fiber

2014

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We present a significant contribution to the theory of determining the refractive index profile of a bent homogenous optical fiber. In this theory we consider two different processes controlling the index profile variations. The first is the linear index variation due to stress along the bent radius, and the second is the release of this stress on the fiber surface. This release process is considered to have radial dependence on the fiber radius. These considerations enable us to construct the index profile in two dimensions normal to the optical axis, considering the refraction of light rays traversing the fiber. This theory is applied to optical homogenous bent fiber with two bending radii when they are located orthogonal to the light path of the object arm in the holographic setup (like the Mach-Zehnder interferometer). Digital holographic phase shifting interferometry is employed in this study. The recorded phase shifted holograms have been combined, reconstructed, and processed to extract the phase map of the bent optical fiber. A comparison between the extracted optical phase differences and the calculated one indicates that the refractive index profile variation should include the above mentioned two processes, which are considered as a response for stress distribution across the fiber's cross section. The experimentally obtained refractive index profiles provide the stress induced birefringence profile. Thus we are able to present a realistic induced stress profile due to bending.

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Bent induced refractive index profile variation and mode field distribution of step-index multimode optical fiber

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Optical Fibers Profiling Using Interferometric and Digital Holographic Methods

Optical Fibers Profiling Using Interferometric and Digital Holographic Methods

Choosing a Better Delay Line Medium between Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Optical Fibers: the Effect of Bending

Two-dimensional refractive index and stresses profiles of a homogenous bent optical fiber

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