Benign lymphoepithelial parotid lesions in HIV-positive patients: spectrum of findings at gray-scale and Doppler sonography.

Diagnostic ultrasound patterns of parotid glands in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in Mulago, Uganda

“…Compared with other studies 4,[8][9][10][11][12] that use ultrasound imaging to investigate parotid enlargement in HIVpositive patients, our study involved the fairly large number of 200 patients. We also used a relatively modern, high-resolution ultrasound machine.…”

“…Ultrasound imaging is already widely accepted worldwide for diagnosis of soft tissue swellings of the head and neck region and is used by some researchers for imaging the parotid glands in HIV patients. 4,[8][9][10][11][12] The relative low cost of ultrasound imaging is an important consideration for resource-constrained African countries.…”

US of the Major Salivary Glands: Anatomy and Spatial Relationships, Pathologic Conditions, and Pitfalls

“…Non-Hodgkin lymphoma manifesting as small multiple nodular disseminations with hypervascularization in the salivary gland has been reported (34,65). In addition, bilateral inflammation (acalculous), granulomatous disease (eg, sarcoidosis), hematogenous metastases, and benign lymphoepithelial lesions in HIV-positive patients should be taken into consideration in cases of multiple hypoechoic areas scattered in salivary gland parenchyma (23,25,33,35,42,43).…”

“…Benign lymphoepithelial lesions in HIV-positive patients may manifest as multiple cysts (35). Figures 31, 32.…”

“…The oval, well-defined, anechoic lesion demonstrates discrete posterior enhancement and mimics a simple cyst. Possible diagnostic pitfalls include a "pseudocystic" appearance of lymphoma, the cystic form of Warthin tumor, lymphoepithelial lesions, or metastatic lymph nodes with a central fluid collection or necrosis (35,43,73,82,(112)(113)(114).…”