Benevolent Sexism Scale for Japanese

Morinaga, Yasuko; Sakata, Kiriko; Kitakaji, Yoko; Oike, Machiko; Fukudome, Kodai

doi:10.4992/pacjpa.82.0_1am-140

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The original sexism scale by Glick and Fiske consists of 11 questions each for hostile and benevolent individuals. In 2018, to make the scale more practical to measure benevolent sexism in Japan, a new benevolent sexism scale with eight questions corresponding to question numbers 1, 4, 8, 14, 15, 16, 18, and 19 in the original scale, was developed ( Morinaga et al, 2018 ). The JACSIS 2019 fully used the scale in Q38.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors of self-reported physical child abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: work-related changes in men and fear of COVID-19 in women

Naito

Nitta

Kakiuchi

2023

PeerJ

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Background There is no global consensus on whether pandemic-related factors are related to child abuse. How the pandemic reinforces the risk factors of child abuse might depend largely on individuals’ current and past lifestyles in each country. Some changes of lifestyles continue after the pandemic, and it is important to understand which factors are strongly associated with child abuse. We analyzed the pandemic-related characteristics of offenders and non-offenders of self-reported child physical abuse from Internet survey data in Japan and discussed how the pandemic affected physical child abuse and what caused the difference by gender. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on physical child abuse by caregivers based on the Internet survey conducted from September to October 2021. We divided the participants who were living with their child aged less than 14 years into offenders and non-offenders based on the answer to the question about physical child abuse. The population distribution of the sample was compared to that of caregivers under the same conditions in a large Japanese dataset. The association between their characteristics and physical child abuse was analyzed by univariable and multivariable analysis. Results The caregivers analyzed in the cohort had similar population distributions to those in the large Japanese dataset. As risk factors of male offenders, “work from home 4–7 days/week,” “decreased work,” “normal relationships with household members (compared to good relationships),” “COVID-19 infected, both themselves and household members, within a year,” “unwillingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination because the license process of the vaccine is doubtful,” “high levels of benevolent sexism,” and “history of child abuse” were observed. As risk factors of female offenders, “bad relationships with household members (compared to good relationships),” “fear of COVID-19,” “COVID-19 infected, both themselves and household members, within a year,” “feelings of discrimination related to COVID-19 in the past two months,” and “history of child verbal abuse” were observed. Conclusions Among male offenders, a significant relationship was observed regarding work-related changes, which may have been reinforced by the pandemic. Furthermore, the extent of the influence and fear of losing jobs caused by these changes may have varied according to the strength of gender roles and financial support in each country. Among female offenders, a significant relationship was observed regarding fear of infection itself, which is consistent with the findings of other studies. In terms of factors related to dissatisfaction with families, in some countries with prominent stereotyped gender roles, men are thought to experience difficulties adapting to work-related changes induced by crises, while women are thought to experience intense fear of the infection itself.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%