Benefits of Riverine Water Discharge into the Lorian Swamp, Kenya

Leeuw, Jan de; Said, Mohammed Yahya; Kifugo, S.C.; Musyimi, Zipporah; Mutiga, Jeniffer Kinoti; Peden, D.

doi:10.3390/w4041009

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Isiolo County was selected for the study because the last RVF outbreak in Kenya (November 2020 to January 2021) primarily affected the county, although Isiolo is considered a medium-risk area 42 . The area is a low-lying region with a mean annual rainfall of 300 to 350 mm distributed between two wet seasons: March to April and October to December 43 . Precipitation is usually erratic, and droughts are frequent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and subject-level drivers of interepidemic Rift Valley fever virus exposure in humans and livestock in Northern Kenya

Muturi,

Mwatondo,

Nijhof

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Nearly a century after the first reports of Rift Valley fever (RVF) were documented in Kenya, questions on the transmission dynamics of the disease remain. Specifically, data on viral maintenance in the quiescent years between epidemics is limited. We implemented a cross-sectional study in northern Kenya to determine the seroprevalence, risk factors, and ecological predictors of RVF in humans and livestock during an interepidemic period. Six hundred seventy-six human and 1,864 livestock samples were screened for anti-RVF Immunoglobulin G (IgG). Out of the 1,864 livestock samples tested for IgG, a subset of 1,103 samples was randomly selected for additional testing to detect the presence of anti-RVFV Immunoglobulin M (IgM). The anti-RVF virus (RVFV) IgG seropositivity in livestock and humans was 21.7% and 28.4%, respectively. RVFV IgM was detected in 0.4% of the livestock samples. Participation in the slaughter of livestock and age were positively associated with RVFV exposure in humans, while age was a significant factor in livestock. We detected significant interaction between rainfall and elevation's influence on livestock seropositivity, while in humans, elevation was negatively associated with RVF virus exposure. The linear increase of human and livestock exposure with age suggests an endemic transmission cycle, further corroborated by the detection of IgM antibodies in livestock.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and subject-level drivers of interepidemic Rift Valley fever virus exposure in humans and livestock in Northern Kenya

Muturi,

Mwatondo,

Nijhof

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Finally, these waters, renewed by the freshwater Gotu and Buffalo Springs, end in the endorheic Lorain Swamp and help recharge the Merti Aquifer. The Lorain Swamp also serves as an important source of rangeland during the dry seasons for pastoralist communities from the frontier lands in northeastern Kenya and western Somalia (De Leeuw et al, 2012). Increased water extraction in the upper reaches of the drainage have reduced the flows of water downstream leading to conflict between pastoralists and upstream users and increased instances of human–wildlife conflict throughout the drainage (Bond, 2014; Fox, 2018; Gichuki, 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of species richness and beta diversity of fishes in an Afrotropical intermittent river system

Schmidt

Woods

Nyingi

2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Tropical freshwater ecosystems are some of the most threatened systems yet remain understudied relative to temperate systems. Here, we look at the drivers of community structure of fishes in a tropical and intermittent system in central Kenya. We conducted monthly samples within the upper Northern Ewaso Ng'iro to assess variation in community composition and abiotic characteristics. We analyzed species richness along the longitudinal gradient, computed beta diversity within the system, relative contributions of each site, and partitioned beta diversity metrics into nestedness and turnover components. We found that, similar to temperate intermittent systems, species richness varied along the longitudinal gradient, nestedness contributions to beta diversity exceeded those of turnover, and environmental and spatial variables determined patterns of beta diversity. Sites at the highest and lowest ends of the species richness gradient showed the highest contributions to beta diversity, suggesting sites important for preservation or restoration initiatives, respectively. With ongoing water extraction and conflict over resources throughout the region, this study highlights the need for further investigations of the effects of multiple stressors on biodiversity patterns and ecosystem functioning in tropical stream communities.

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“…For instance, Laikipia County population has tripled over the last three decades from 134,524 in 1979 to 399,227 in 2009 [22]. The upper reach has a population density of 100 people per km 2 and about 10 in the lower reaches that are arid and semiarid [8].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in Ewaso Nyiro River surface water, Kenya

et al. 2021

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Ewaso Nyiro basin covers an area of about 210,226 km2, 36.3%, of Kenya drainage area and bears 5.8% of Kenya water potential with an annual yield of 1469 million m3. The river is the principal source of domestic and irrigation water to the arid north of Kenya. To determine metal and nutrient concentration of Ewaso Nyiro River surface water, a total of 30 water samples, 15 samples each for dry (February) and wet (August) seasons of 2019, were collected. Chromium, lead, iron, manganese, cobalt, cadmium, mercury, selenium, molybdenum, boron, copper, zinc, arsenic, nickel, aluminum, total phosphorus and nitrate were analyzed in the two seasons. Ecological risk assessment was determined by calculating contamination factor, pollution load index and ecological risk index. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to infer pollutants association and identify their potential sources. Cadmium, arsenic, lead, molybdenum, mercury, selenium and nickel were not detected in both seasons, while manganese, iron and aluminum were the main pollutants identified. Ewaso Nyiro irrigation water had a manganese contamination factor of 9.17, implying it was very contaminated. Twenty-seven and 40% of sampled sites in dry and wet seasons, respectively, had more than 0.3 mg/L of iron that is recommended by USEPA in drinking water. Herbicides, leached fertilizer and fuel leaking into the river water were the primary sources of anthropogenic pollution.

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Benefits of Riverine Water Discharge into the Lorian Swamp, Kenya

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Ecological and subject-level drivers of interepidemic Rift Valley fever virus exposure in humans and livestock in Northern Kenya

Ecological and subject-level drivers of interepidemic Rift Valley fever virus exposure in humans and livestock in Northern Kenya

Drivers of species richness and beta diversity of fishes in an Afrotropical intermittent river system

Ecological and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in Ewaso Nyiro River surface water, Kenya

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