Benefits of FES gait in a spinal cord injured population

Nightingale, Elizabeth J.; Raymond, Jacqueline; Middleton, James; Crosbie, Jack; Davis, Glen M.

doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3102101

Cited by 82 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…20 Changes in diffusivity associated with these structural alterations may make it possible to identify the rostral and caudal extent of a spinal lesion by using DTI. Many therapeutic interventions for rehabilitation after SCI, including functional electric stimulation 21 and gait training, 22 rely on intact spinal motoneurons below the level of the lesion. Incomplete injury in segments below the injury may be particularly difficult to identify by using physical or electrophysiologic measurements because sensory and motor function is often reduced or absent below the level of injury.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Ellingson¹,

Ulmer²,

Kurpad³

et al. 2008

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

113

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Diffusion tensor MR imaging is emerging as an important tool for displaying anatomic changes in the brain after injury or disease but has been less widely applied to disorders of the spinal cord. The aim of this study was to characterize the diffusion properties of the entire human spinal cord in vivo during the chronic stages of spinal cord injury (SCI). These data provide insight into the structural changes that occur as a result of long-term recovery from spinal trauma.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Ellingson¹,

Ulmer²,

Kurpad³

et al. 2008

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

113

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“…This gait practice occurs during daily training, and thus, increased user participation is promoted during walking training. While FES-induced gait has several benefits, mainly related to muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness [40,[45][46][47], it is not so effective in gait restoration [40,48] and is limited to a therapeutic environment [39]. Furthermore, FES can induce muscle fatigue, leading to interruptions in training.…”

Section: Hybrid Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of hybrid exoskeletons to restore gait following spinal cord injury

del-Ama¹,

Koutsou²,

Moreno³

et al. 2012

JRRD

141

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Abstract-Different approaches are available to compensate gait in persons with spinal cord injury, including passive orthoses, functional electrical stimulation (FES), and robotic exoskeletons. However, several drawbacks arise from each specific approach. Orthotic gait is energy-demanding for the user and functionally ineffective. FES uses the muscles as natural actuators to generate gait, providing not only functional but also psychological benefits to the users. However, disadvantages are also related to the early appearance of muscle fatigue and the control of joint trajectories. Robotic exoskeletons that provide joint moment compensation or substitution to the body during walking have been developed in recent years. Significant advances have been achieved, but the technology itself is not mature yet because of many limitations related to both physical and cognitive interaction as well as portability and energy-management issues. Meanwhile, the combination of FES technology and exoskeletons has emerged as a promising approach to both gait compensation and rehabilitation, bringing together technologies, methods, and rehabilitation principles that can overcome the drawbacks of each individual approach. This article presents an overview of hybrid lower-limb exoskeletons, related technologies, and advances in actuation and control systems. Also, we highlight the functional assessment of individuals with spinal cord injury.

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“…FES is a technology that can restore useful movements by electrically stimulating and thereby artificially contracting paralyzed or paretic muscles [13]. Applications of FES can be divided into three classes: (1) neuroprostheses for use as a permanent assistive device; (2) facilitation of exercise; (3) short term as a therapeutic intervention to improve voluntary function [14,15]. This latter application has been termed "FES therapy" (FET) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Intensity during Treadmill Walking with Gait-Patterned FES among Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: Case Series

Miyatani

Masani

Kawashima

et al. 2012

ISRN Rehabilitation

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properly cited.Purpose. To determine the feasibility of increasing the cardiopulmonary exercise intensity during walking with gait-patterned functional electrical stimulation (GP-FES) among individuals with motor incomplete SCI. Methods. Two men with motorincomplete SCI (Subjects A and B, age 45 and 50 years; Level of Injury: C4 and T10; AIS score: D and D, resp.) performed a three sequential four-minute continuous walking sessions [(1) regular gait (non-GP-FES-1); (2) gait with GP-FES (GP-FES); (3) regular gait (non-GP-FES-2)]. Oxygen consumption (Vo 2 ) was measured continuously during trials. Results. Vo 2 was higher during GP-FES (Subjects A and B; 14.5 and 19.1 mL/kg/min, resp.) as compared to regular gait (Non-GP-FES-1: Subjects A and B; 13.4 and 17.0: mL/kg/min, resp.; non-GP-FES-2: Subjects A and B; 13.1 and 17.5: mL/kg/min, resp.). Conclusion. The exercise intensity of GP-FES walking was higher than that of regular walking among individuals with motor incomplete SCI. Further investigations are required to determine the clinical relevance of the exercise.

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Benefits of FES gait in a spinal cord injured population

Cited by 82 publications

References 37 publications

Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Review of hybrid exoskeletons to restore gait following spinal cord injury

Exercise Intensity during Treadmill Walking with Gait-Patterned FES among Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: Case Series

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