Benefits of curcumin in brain disorders

Abstract

Curcumin is widely consumed in Asia either as turmeric directly or as one of the culinary ingredients in food recipes. The benefits of curcumin in different organ systems have been reported extensively in several neurological diseases and cancer. Curcumin has got its global recognition because of its strong antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, and antimicrobial activities. Additionally, it is used in diabetes and arthritis as well as in hepatic, renal, and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, there is growing attention on usage of curcumin to prevent or delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes available data from several recent studies on curcumin in various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Prions disease, stroke, Down's syndrome, autism, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anxiety, depression, and aging. Recent advancements toward increasing the therapeutic efficacy of curcuma/curcumin formulation and the novel delivery strategies employed to overcome its minimal bioavailability and toxicity studies have also been discussed. This review also summarizes the ongoing clinical trials on curcumin for different neurodegenerative diseases and patent details of curcuma/curcumin in India.

Curcumin Regulates the r(CGG)exp RNA Hairpin Structure and Ameliorate Defects in Fragile X-Associated Tremor Ataxia Syndrome

“…Further, Curcumin inhibits the accumulation and aggregation of prion protein inside the neuroblastoma cell. It also facilitates anti-anxiety activity by decrease level of TNF-α and MMP-9 in Autism spectrum disorder (Cole et al, 2007;Bhat et al, 2019).…”

Curcumin’s Nanomedicine Formulations for Therapeutic Application in Neurological Diseases

“…Later, in 1842, Vogel Jr. obtained the pure form of curcumin, and 68 years later, Milobedzka and Lampe identified its structure as (1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione [5]. In the past decades, CUR has received a high interest due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects [6], and its benefits in cancer [7], cardiovascular diseases [8,9], diabetes mellitus [10], autoimmune diseases [11,12], and brain or psychiatric conditions [13][14][15]. Regarding the latter, there is a particular focus on CUR impact in cognition [16], dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) [17,18], schizophrenia [14], and depression [19].…”

Application of Functional Biocompatible Nanomaterials to Improve Curcumin Bioavailability

“…In turmeric, curcumin is identified as the major active curcuminoids, as compared to its two dimethoxy derivatives, dimethoxycurcumin (DMC, one -OMe at the outer phenol rings is removed) and bis-demethoxycurcumin (BMC, two -OMes are removed), with the ratio being 77:3:17 (Ma et al, 2019 ). Over the past few decades, a plenty of curcumin bioactivities have been revealed, including anti-cancer (Nagaraju et al, 2019 ; Yedjou et al, 2019 ), anti-inflammation (Farhood et al, 2019 ), antioxidation (Abrahams et al, 2019 ), anti-microbe (Sharifi et al, 2020 ), anti-hepatotoxicity (Fujiwara et al, 2008 ) and anti-Alzheimer (Bhat et al, 2019 ), and this wide range of biological effects has been attributed to essential molecules related to human diseases, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs), glutathione, protein kinase C, ATPase, NF-κB, activator protein 1 (AP-1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP-1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP-2), and cyclin D1 (Lev-Ari et al, 2006 ; Stridh et al, 2010 ; Kao et al, 2011 ; Sreenivasan et al, 2012 ; Mishra et al, 2015 ; Ge et al, 2016 ; Lopes-Rodrigues et al, 2016 ; Seo et al, 2016 ; Zhu et al, 2016 ). However, when evaluating curcumin in human subjects, therapeutic outcomes of curcumin remain largely unsatisfactory even at a single high dose of up to 12 g (Kesisoglou et al, 2007 ), although no adverse events have been reported.…”